二手车交易Task1:赛题理解baseline

赛题理解

根据给定的数据集，建立模型预测二手汽车的交易价格。数据集分为训练集和测试集，训练集中包含15万条数据，测试集中包含5万条数据。
数据集中包含name,regDate,model,brand,bodyType,fuelType,gearbox,power,kilometer,notRepairedDamage,regionCode,seller,offerType,creatDate,price,v_0~v_14(人工构造匿名特征)这30个数据指标。其中数字全都脱敏处理，都为label encoding形式。
本题为一个典型的回归问题。主要应用xgb，lgb，catboost,以及pandas，numpy，matplotlib，seabon，sklearn，keras等常用库来进行数据挖掘任务。
本赛题的评价标准为平均绝对误差。

代码示例

# 查看数据文件目录 list datalab files
!ls datalab/

Step1：导入函数工具箱

## 基础工具 
import numpy as np      #数值计算包
import pandas as pd     #数据处理包   
import warnings
import matplotlib       #数据可视化包
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns     #图标管理
from scipy.special import jn   #n阶贝塞尔函数
from IPython.display import display, clear_output
import time

warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') 
%matplotlib inline

## 模型预测的 
from sklearn import linear_model
from sklearn import preprocessing
from sklearn.svm import SVR
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor,GradientBoostingRegressor
## 数据降维处理的 
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA,FastICA,FactorAnalysis,SparsePCA
import lightgbm as lgb
import xgboost as xgb
## 参数搜索和评价的 
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV,cross_val_score,StratifiedKFold,train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error, mean_absolute_error

Step2:数据读取

## 通过Pandas对于数据进行读取 (pandas是一个很友好的数据读取函数库)
Train_data = pd.read_csv('datalab/231784/used_car_train_20200313.csv', sep=' ')
TestA_data = pd.read_csv('datalab/231784/used_car_testA_20200313.csv', sep=' ')

## 输出数据的大小信息
print('Train data shape:',Train_data.shape)
print('TestA data shape:',TestA_data.shape)

1)数据简要浏览

## 通过.head() 简要浏览读取数据的形式
Train_data.head()

2)数据信息查看

## 通过 .info() 简要可以看到对应一些数据列名，以及NAN缺失信息
Train_data.info()
TestA_data.info()

## 通过 .columns 查看列名
Train_data.columns

3)数据统计信息浏览

## 通过 .describe() 可以查看数值特征列的一些统计信息
Train_data.describe()
TestA_data.describe()

Step3：特征与标签构建

1)提取数值类型特征列名

numerical_cols = Train_data.select_dtypes(exclude = 'object').columns
print(numerical_cols)

categorical_cols = Train_data.select_dtypes(include = 'object').columns
print(categorical_cols)

2)构建训练和测试样本

##选择特征列
feature_cols = [col for col in numerical_cols if col not in \
                ['SaleID','name','regDate','creatDate','price',
                 'model','brand','regionCode','seller']
                ]
feature_cols = [col for col in feature_cols if 'Type' not in col]

##提前特征列，标签列构造训练样本和测试样本
X_data = Train_data[feature_cols]
Y_data = Train_data['price']

X_test = TestA_data[feature_cols]

print('X train shape:',X_data.shape)
print('X test shape:',X_test.shape)

## 定义了一个统计函数，方便后续信息统计 
def Sta_inf(data):
    print('_min',np.min(data))
    print('_max:',np.max(data))
    print('_mean',np.mean(data))
    print('_ptp',np.ptp(data))
    print('_std',np.std(data))
    print('_var',np.var(data))

3)统计标签的基本分布信息

print('Sta of label:')
Sta_inf(Y_data)

## 绘制标签的统计图，查看标签分布
plt.hist(Y_data)
plt.show()
plt.close()

4)缺省值用-1填补

#缺省值用-1填补 
X_data = X_data.fillna(-1)
X_test = X_test.fillna(-1)

Step4：模型训练与预测

1)利用xgb进行五折交叉验证查看模型的参数效果

## xgb-Model
xgr = xgb.XGBRegressor(n_estimators=120,learning_rate=0.1,gamma=0,subsample=0.8,\
                       colsample_bytree=0.9,max_depth=7)#,objective='reg:squarederror'
scores_train = []
scores = []

##5折交叉验证方式
sk = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=5,shuffle=True,random_state=0)
for train_ind,val_ind in sk.split(X_data,Y_data):

    train_x=X_data.iloc[train_ind].values
    train_y=Y_data.iloc[train_ind]
    val_x=X_data.iloc[val_ind].values
    val_y=Y_data.iloc[val_ind]

    xgr.fit(train_x,train_y)
    pred_train_xgb=xgr.predict(train_x)
    pred_xgb=xgr.predict(val_x)

    score_train = mean_absolute_error(train_y,pred_train_xgb)
    scores_train.append(score_train)
    score = mean_absolute_error(val_y,pred_xgb)
    scores.append(score)

print('Train mae:',np.mean(score_train))
print('Val mae',np.mean(scores))

2)定义xgb和lgb模型函数

def build_model_xgb(x_train,y_train):
    model = xgb.XGBRegressor(n_estimators=150, learning_rate=0.1, gamma=0, subsample=0.8,\
                             colsample_bytree=0.9, max_depth=7) #, objective ='reg:squarederror'
    model.fit(x_train, y_train)
    return model
def build_model_lgb(x_train,y_train):
    estimator = lgb.LGBMRegressor(num_leaves=127,n_estimators = 150)
    param_grid = {
        'learning_rate': [0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2],
    }
    gbm = GridSearchCV(estimator, param_grid)
    gbm.fit(x_train, y_train)
    return gbm

3)切分数据集（Train,Val）进行模型训练，评价和预测

## Split data with val
x_train,x_val,y_train,y_val = train_test_split(X_data,Y_data,test_size=0.3)

print('Train lgb...')
model_lgb = build_model_lgb(x_train,y_train)
val_lgb = model_lgb.predict(x_val)
MAE_lgb = mean_absolute_error(y_val,val_lgb)
print('MAE of val with lgb:',MAE_lgb)
print('Predict lgb...')
model_lgb_pre = build_model_lgb(X_data,Y_data)
subA_lgb = model_lgb_pre.predict(X_test)
print('Sta of Predict lgb:')
Sta_inf(subA_lgb)

print('Train xgb...')
model_xgb = build_model_xgb(x_train,y_train)
val_xgb = model_xgb.predict(x_val)
MAE_xgb = mean_absolute_error(y_val,val_xgb)
print('MAE of val with xgb:',MAE_xgb)
print('Predict xgb...')
model_xgb_pre = build_model_xgb(X_data,Y_data)
subA_xgb = model_xgb_pre.predict(X_test)
print('Sta of Predict xgb:')
Sta_inf(subA_xgb)

4)进行两模型的结果加权融合

## 这里我们采取了简单的加权融合的方式
val_Weighted = (1-MAE_lgb/(MAE_xgb+MAE_lgb))*val_lgb+(1-MAE_xgb/(MAE_xgb+MAE_lgb))*val_xgb
val_Weighted[val_Weighted<0]=10 # 由于我们发现预测的最小值有负数，而真实情况下，price为负是不存在的，
print('MAE of val with Weighted ensemble:',mean_absolute_error(y_val,val_Weighted))

sub_Weighted = (1-MAE_lgb/(MAE_xgb+MAE_lgb))*subA_lgb+(1-MAE_xgb/(MAE_xgb+MAE_lgb))*subA_xgb
## 查看预测值的统计进行
plt.hist(Y_data)
plt.show()
plt.close()

5)输出结果

sub = pd.DataFrame()
sub['SaleID'] = X_test['SaleID']
sub['price'] = sub_Weighted
sub.to_csv('./sub_Weighted.csv',index=False)

sub.head()