XNA学习笔记——顶点缓存和索引缓存

从教程上看，XNA一开始没有使用顶点缓存，不像D3D，一开始用的就是VertexBuffer。不过网上也有人说，D3D也可以不用VertexBuffer，有待学习。在XNA中如果不用VertexBuffer，就如上一个笔记中直接定义顶点，如VertexPositionColor，最后用GraphicsDevice的DrawUserPrimitive方法进行绘制。但是可以使用索引数组（还没到索引缓存出场）。

   1: private void InitVertices()

   2: {

   3:     vertices3 = new VertexPositionColor[9];

   4:  

   5:     vertices3[0] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), Color.Red);

   6:     vertices3[1] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(1, 0, 0), Color.Green);

   7:     vertices3[2] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(2, 0, 1), Color.Blue);

   8:     vertices3[3] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(0, 1, -1), Color.Orange);

   9:     vertices3[4] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), Color.Olive);

  10:     vertices3[5] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(2, 1, 0), Color.Magenta);

  11:     vertices3[6] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(0, 2, 0), Color.Yellow);

  12:     vertices3[7] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(1, 2, 1), Color.Tomato);

  13:     vertices3[8] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(2, 2, -1), Color.Plum);

  14:  

  15: }

上面定义了9个顶点，但要绘制8个三角形

   1: private void InitIndices()

   2: {

   3:     indices = new int[24]; 

   4:     

   5:     indices[0] = 0; 

   6:     indices[1] = 3; 

   7:     indices[2] = 1; 

   8:     

   9:     indices[3] = 1; 

  10:     indices[4] = 3; 

  11:     indices[5] = 4; 

  12:     

  13:     indices[6] = 1; 

  14:     indices[7] = 4; 

  15:     indices[8] = 5; 

  16:     

  17:     indices[9] = 1; 

  18:     indices[10] = 5; 

  19:     indices[11] = 2; 

  20:     

  21:     indices[12] = 3; 

  22:     indices[13] = 6; 

  23:     indices[14] = 7; 

  24:     

  25:     indices[15] = 3;

  26:     indices[16] = 7; 

  27:     indices[17] = 4; 

  28:     

  29:     indices[18] = 4; 

  30:     indices[19] = 7; 

  31:     indices[20] = 5; 

  32:     

  33:     indices[21] = 5; 

  34:     indices[22] = 7; 

  35:     indices[23] = 8; 

  36: }

最后

   1: device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, vertices, 0, 9, indices, 0, 8); 

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尽管使用索引数组提高了效率，但每次调用Draw函数，顶点都会从系统内存传递到显卡中。通常，大部分数据没有变化，这意味着每帧重复传递了相同的数据。所以可以将顶点数据存储在显存中加速程序。从显存中将顶点数据传递到显卡速度要快得多。

通过创建顶点数组的VertexBuffer，可以将顶点数据复制到显存中。将顶点存储到显存后，就可以调用DrawPrimitives方法 (代替DrawUserPrimitives方法)，这个方法从更快的显存中获取顶点。

注意：如果顶点几乎无需更新，那么这个方法可以极大地提高性能。但当处理被称为动态顶点数据(dynamic vertex data)时，这意味着顶点数据更新频繁，就应使用DynamicVertexBuffer

如果你还想将索引存储在显卡中，你应在创建VertexBuffer之后再创建一个IndexBuffer 。

   1: private VertexBuffer vertexBuffer;

   2: private IndexBuffer indexBuffer;

在InitVertices中添加

   1: vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes * vertices3.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); 

   2: vertexBuffer.SetData(vertices3, 0, vertices3.Length);

对于第一行的第三个参数，不是特别清楚。第二行就是将顶点数据加入到顶点缓存中

在在InitIndices中添加

   1: indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer(device, typeof(int), indices.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly);

   2: indexBuffer.SetData<int>(indices);

同样第二行将索引数组加入到索引缓存中

   1: public void DrawUsingPresetEffect()

   2: {

   3:     device.VertexDeclaration = vertDeclaration;

   4:     device.Vertices[0].SetSource(vertexBuffer[1], 0, VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes);

   5:     device.Indices = indexBuffer;

   6:     device.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, 9, 0, 8);

   7: }

device.Vertices[0].SetSource(vertexBuffer, 0, VertexPositionColor.SizeInBytes);就如同D3D中的SetStreamSource。对于Vertices[0]不是很理解。GraphicsDevice的Vertices属性，在SDK中是这样定义的：Gets the vertex stream collection

   1: public VertexStreamCollection Vertices { get; }

Vertices[0]表示vertex stream 0 (zero) of the graphics device

之后就是设置索引数组device.Indices = indexBuffer