#### 前言
上一节中演示了怎么通过手动去部署合约方法和调用合约方法,生产环境下部署合约可能只是一次性操作,但是与合约交互是一个高频操作,而且还需要夹杂其它的业务逻辑,这就需要编码来实现与合约交互。调用合约方法的过程,可以分为两类,一种是需要修改账本数据的,那么它必须是一笔交易,否则只在本地执行是没有实际意义的;另外一种是查询操作,比如查询合约的某个状态变量值,那么它是`constant`类型的,并不需要修改账本,那么这个调用只用在本地节点执行即可,无需消耗gas,也不需要被矿工打包,可即时返回结果。
#### 使用php编码与合约进行交互
`mcat`提供了一个serve的功能,它的作用是起一个本地的server,监听指定的端口(mcat.yaml里面配置),把需要调用的合约方法和参数传进去,它会帮你计算出transaction data字段的字节码。
启动mcat server
```
luren5@ubuntu:~$ mcat serve
server has been started, listening 50729
```
编写php代码与合约交互
```
<?php
class Ballot {
// 投票发起人
public $chairperson;
//
function giveRightToVote($voter_addr, $voter_name) {
$data = array(
'method'=> 'TxData.Detail',
'params'=> array(array(
"Contract" => "Ballot",
"Function" => "giveRightToVote",
"Params" => sprintf("%s&%s", $voter_addr, $voter_name)
)),
'id'=> 1
);
$txDatail = getDataDetail($data);
$txDatail = json_decode($txDatail, true);
$gas = $txDatail["Gas"];
$bin = $txDatail["Bin"];
$txHash = sendTransaction($gas, $bin);
echo sprintf("Success in call giveRightToVote with params (%s, %s), the tx hash is %s \r\n", $voter_addr, $voter_name, $txHash);
}
}
// utils
function getDataDetail($data) {
$url = "http://localhost:50729"; // 这里是mcat server的信息
$r = sendPost($url, $data);
$r = json_decode($r, true);
if(empty($r["error"])) {
return $r["result"];
} else {
echo "Failed to get the tx data detail, err: ", $r["error"];
exit();
}
}
function sendPost($url, $data) {
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: application/json'));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($data));
$res = curl_exec($ch);
return $res;
}
function sendTransaction($gas, $bin) {
unlock(); // 发交易之前需要对默认账户进行解锁
$data = array(
"id" => 1,
"method" => "eth_sendTransaction",
"params" => array(array(
"from" => "0x0b9498ca74cd7814fba0c25e2a441c1d5867946a", // 这里是默认发交易的地址,也是合约的创建者
"to" => "0xd2548bb40fe57aa9e66aeafbc1f6a44c9d8b9532", // 这里是合约账户地址
"gas" => $gas,
"data" => $bin
))
);
$url = "http://localhost:8090";
$r = sendPost($url, $data);
$r = json_decode($r, true);
if(!empty($r["result"])) {
return $r["result"] ;
} else {
echo "Failed to send transaction";
exit();
}
}
function unlock() {
$default_account = "0x0b9498ca74cd7814fba0c25e2a441c1d5867946a";
$default_account_password = "123456";
$data = array(
"method" => "personal_unlockAccount",
"params" => array(
$default_account, $default_account_password,
),
"id" => 1
);
$url = "http://localhost:8090";
$r = sendPost($url, $data);
$r = json_decode($r, true);
if ($r["result"] != true) {
echo "Failed to unlock the default account";
exit();
}
}
$b = new Ballot();
$b->giveRightToVote("0xab4c1e40f28f00c8c79d77c6079437bbd5ab6cd1", "voter3");
```
执行
```
luren5@ubuntu:~$ php test.php
Success in call giveRightToVote with params (0xab4c1e40f28f00c8c79d77c6079437bbd5ab6cd1, voter3), the tx hash is 0x2ea6103b38e819ca72cd7ca0b2c9ccbae92828d1140913d2cf63c3593845e26d
```
等待交易被打包后,这个调用授权方法的操作即成功了,调用合约其它的方法也是类似
原文地址: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/29786430