PyTorch实战（三）通过sin预测cos

循环神经网络十分擅长处理时间相关的数据，下面我们就通过输入sin函数，输出cos函数来实际应用

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
from torch import optim
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation
import math, random

#定义超参数
time_step = 10  #RNN时序步长
input_size = 1  #RNN的输入维度
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
h_size = 64  # RNN隐藏单元个数
epochs = 300
h_state = None #隐藏层状态

#pytorch没有π这个常量，所有操作都是用numpy完成
steps = np.linspace(0, np.pi*2, 256, dtype=np.float32)
x_np = np.sin(steps)
y_np = np.cos(steps)


#可视化数据
plt.figure(1)  #生成一个画板
plt.suptitle('Sin and Cos', fontsize='18')  #图名和字体
plt.plot(steps, y_np, 'r-', label='target(cos)')   #
plt.plot(steps, x_np, 'y-', label='input(sin)')
plt.legend(loc='best')  #线条说明放在最佳的地方，即坐标面内的数据图表最少的位置
plt.show()

class RNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(RNN, self).__init__()
        self.rnn = nn.RNN(
            input_size = input_size,
            hidden_size = h_size,
            num_layers = 1,
            batch_first = True,
        )
        self.out = nn.Linear(h_size, 1)
    def forward(self, x, h_state):
        r_out, h_state = self.rnn(x,h_state)
        outs = []
        for time_step in range(r_out.size(1)):
            outs.append(self.out(r_out[:,time_step, :]))
        return torch.stack(outs,dim=1),h_state


rnn = RNN().to(device)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(rnn.parameters())
criterion = nn.MSELoss()

rnn.train()
plt.figure(2)
for step in range(epochs):
    start, end = step * np.pi, (step+1)*np.pi # 一个时间周期
    steps = np.linspace(start, end, time_step, dtype=np.float32)
    x_np = np.sin(steps) 
    y_np = np.cos(steps)
    x = torch.from_numpy(x_np[np.newaxis, :, np.newaxis]) # shape (batch, time_step, input_size)
    y = torch.from_numpy(y_np[np.newaxis, :, np.newaxis])
    x = x.to(device)
    prediction, h_state = rnn(x, h_state) # rnn output
    # 这一步非常重要
    h_state = h_state.data # 重置隐藏层的状态, 切断和前一次迭代的链接
    loss = criterion(prediction.cpu(), y) 
    # 这三行写在一起就可以
    optimizer.zero_grad() 
    loss.backward() 
    optimizer.step() 
    if (step+1)%20 == 0: #每训练20个批次可视化一下效果，并打印一下loss
        print("epochs: {},Loss:{:4f}".format(step,loss))
        plt.plot(steps, y_np.flatten(), 'r-', label='cos')
        plt.plot(steps, prediction.cpu().data.numpy().flatten(), 'b-', label='presiction')
        plt.legend(loc='best')
        plt.draw()
        plt.pause(0.01)