1.流的定向
freopen函数清除一个流的定向,fwide设置流的定向
#include <stdio.h>
#include <wchar.h>
int fwide(FILE *fp, int mode);
如果mode的参数值为负,fwide将试图使指定的流是字节定向的。
如果mode的参数值为正,fwide将试图使指定的流是宽定向的。
如果mode的参数值为0,fwide将不试图设置流的定向, 但返回标识该流定向的值。
2.缓冲
标准IO提供了三种类型的缓冲:
全缓冲
行缓冲
不带缓冲
有两个函数可以更改缓冲类型
#include <stdio.h>
void setbuf(FILE *restrict fp, char *restrict buf);
int setvbuf(FILE *restrict fp, char *restrict buf,
int mode,
size_t size);
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/505436/bf9b2dbb-50b5-3728-a989-3b99bc36cd7a.png[/img]
任何时候我们都可以强制冲洗一个流
#include <stdio.h>
int fflush(FILE *fp);
3.打开流
#include <stdio.h>
FILE *fopen(const char *restrict pathname, const
char *restrict type);
FILE *freopen(const char *restrict pathname, const
char *restrict type,
FILE *restrict fp);
FILE *fdopen(int filedes, const char *type);
type参数指定对IO流的读、写方式
r or rb 为读而打开
w or wb 把文件截短至0,或为写而打开
a or ab 添加,为在文件尾写而打开,或为写而创建
r+ or r+b or rb+ 为读和写而打开
w+ or w+b or wb+ 把文件截短至0长,或为读和写而打开
a+ or a+b or ab+ 为在文件尾读和写而打开或创建
4.读写流
一次读一个字符
#include <stdio.h>
int getc(FILE *fp);
int fgetc(FILE *fp);
int getchar(void);
不管是出错还是到达文件尾端,这三个函数都返回同样的值。为了区分这两种情况必须用下面两个函数
#include <stdio.h>
int ferror(FILE *fp);
int feof(FILE *fp);
清除标志
void clearerr(FILE *fp);
从流中读取数据后,可以调用ungetc将字符再压送回流中
#include <stdio.h>
int ungetc(int c, FILE *fp);
每次输出一个字符的函数
#include <stdio.h>
int putc(int c, FILE *fp);
int fputc(int c, FILE *fp);
int putchar(int c);
每次一行函数
#include <stdio.h>
char *fgets(char *restrict buf, int n, FILE
*restrict fp);
char *gets(char *buf);
#include <stdio.h>
int fputs(const char *restrict str, FILE *restrict
fp);
int puts(const char *str);
二进制读写
#include <stdio.h>
size_t fread(void *restrict ptr, size_t size,
size_t nobj,
FILE *restrict fp);
size_t fwrite(const void *restrict ptr, size_t
size, size_t nobj,
FILE *restrict fp);
5.定位流
#include <stdio.h>
long ftell(FILE *fp);
Returns: current file position indicator if OK, 1L on error
int fseek(FILE *fp, long offset, int whence);
Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error
void rewind(FILE *fp);
#include <stdio.h>
off_t ftello(FILE *fp);
Returns: current file position indicator if OK, (off_t)1 on error
int fseeko(FILE *fp, off_t offset, int whence);
#include <stdio.h>
int fgetpos(FILE *restrict fp, fpos_t *restrict pos);
int fsetpos(FILE *fp, const fpos_t *pos);
6.格式化输出和输入
格式化输出
#include <stdio.h>
int printf(const char *restrict format, ...);
int fprintf(FILE *restrict fp, const char
*restrict format, ...);
format说明
%[flags][fldwidth][precision][lenmodifier]convtype
四种格式函数变体
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int vprintf(const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
int vfprintf(FILE *restrict fp, const char
*restrict format,
va_list arg);
Both return: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error
[View full width]
int vsprintf(char *restrict buf, const char
*restrict format,
va_list arg);
int vsnprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n,
const char *restrict format, va_list
arg);
Both return: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error
[View full width]
int sprintf(char *restrict buf, const char
*restrict format, ...);
int snprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n,
const char *restrict format, ...);
格式化输入
#include <stdio.h>
int scanf(const char *restrict format, ...);
int fscanf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict
format, ...);
int sscanf(const char *restrict buf, const char
*restrict format,
...);
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int vscanf(const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
int vfscanf(FILE *restrict fp, const char
*restrict format,
va_list arg);
int vsscanf(const char *restrict buf, const char
*restrict format,
va_list arg);
7.临时文件
两个函数帮助创建临时文件
#include <stdio.h>
char *tmpnam(char *ptr);
Returns: pointer to unique pathname
FILE *tmpfile(void);
例:
#include "apue.h"
int
main(void)
{
char name[L_tmpnam], line[MAXLINE];
FILE *fp;
printf("%s\n", tmpnam(NULL)); /* first temp name */
tmpnam(name); /* second temp name */
printf("%s\n", name);
if ((fp = tmpfile()) == NULL) /* create temp file */
err_sys("tmpfile error");
fputs("one line of output\n", fp); /* write to temp file */
rewind(fp); /* then read it back */
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) == NULL)
err_sys("fgets error");
fputs(line, stdout); /* print the line we wrote */
exit(0);
}
#include <stdio.h>
char *tempnam(const char *directory, const char
*prefix);
#include <stdlib.h>
int mkstemp(char *template);
例:
#include "apue.h"
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc != 3)
err_quit("usage: a.out <directory> <prefix>");
printf("%s\n", tempnam(argv[1][0] != ' ' ? argv[1] : NULL,
argv[2][0] != ' ' ? argv[2] : NULL));
exit(0);
}
freopen函数清除一个流的定向,fwide设置流的定向
#include <stdio.h>
#include <wchar.h>
int fwide(FILE *fp, int mode);
如果mode的参数值为负,fwide将试图使指定的流是字节定向的。
如果mode的参数值为正,fwide将试图使指定的流是宽定向的。
如果mode的参数值为0,fwide将不试图设置流的定向, 但返回标识该流定向的值。
2.缓冲
标准IO提供了三种类型的缓冲:
全缓冲
行缓冲
不带缓冲
有两个函数可以更改缓冲类型
#include <stdio.h>
void setbuf(FILE *restrict fp, char *restrict buf);
int setvbuf(FILE *restrict fp, char *restrict buf,
int mode,
size_t size);
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/505436/bf9b2dbb-50b5-3728-a989-3b99bc36cd7a.png[/img]
任何时候我们都可以强制冲洗一个流
#include <stdio.h>
int fflush(FILE *fp);
3.打开流
#include <stdio.h>
FILE *fopen(const char *restrict pathname, const
char *restrict type);
FILE *freopen(const char *restrict pathname, const
char *restrict type,
FILE *restrict fp);
FILE *fdopen(int filedes, const char *type);
type参数指定对IO流的读、写方式
r or rb 为读而打开
w or wb 把文件截短至0,或为写而打开
a or ab 添加,为在文件尾写而打开,或为写而创建
r+ or r+b or rb+ 为读和写而打开
w+ or w+b or wb+ 把文件截短至0长,或为读和写而打开
a+ or a+b or ab+ 为在文件尾读和写而打开或创建
4.读写流
一次读一个字符
#include <stdio.h>
int getc(FILE *fp);
int fgetc(FILE *fp);
int getchar(void);
不管是出错还是到达文件尾端,这三个函数都返回同样的值。为了区分这两种情况必须用下面两个函数
#include <stdio.h>
int ferror(FILE *fp);
int feof(FILE *fp);
清除标志
void clearerr(FILE *fp);
从流中读取数据后,可以调用ungetc将字符再压送回流中
#include <stdio.h>
int ungetc(int c, FILE *fp);
每次输出一个字符的函数
#include <stdio.h>
int putc(int c, FILE *fp);
int fputc(int c, FILE *fp);
int putchar(int c);
每次一行函数
#include <stdio.h>
char *fgets(char *restrict buf, int n, FILE
*restrict fp);
char *gets(char *buf);
#include <stdio.h>
int fputs(const char *restrict str, FILE *restrict
fp);
int puts(const char *str);
二进制读写
#include <stdio.h>
size_t fread(void *restrict ptr, size_t size,
size_t nobj,
FILE *restrict fp);
size_t fwrite(const void *restrict ptr, size_t
size, size_t nobj,
FILE *restrict fp);
5.定位流
#include <stdio.h>
long ftell(FILE *fp);
Returns: current file position indicator if OK, 1L on error
int fseek(FILE *fp, long offset, int whence);
Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error
void rewind(FILE *fp);
#include <stdio.h>
off_t ftello(FILE *fp);
Returns: current file position indicator if OK, (off_t)1 on error
int fseeko(FILE *fp, off_t offset, int whence);
#include <stdio.h>
int fgetpos(FILE *restrict fp, fpos_t *restrict pos);
int fsetpos(FILE *fp, const fpos_t *pos);
6.格式化输出和输入
格式化输出
#include <stdio.h>
int printf(const char *restrict format, ...);
int fprintf(FILE *restrict fp, const char
*restrict format, ...);
format说明
%[flags][fldwidth][precision][lenmodifier]convtype
四种格式函数变体
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int vprintf(const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
int vfprintf(FILE *restrict fp, const char
*restrict format,
va_list arg);
Both return: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error
[View full width]
int vsprintf(char *restrict buf, const char
*restrict format,
va_list arg);
int vsnprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n,
const char *restrict format, va_list
arg);
Both return: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error
[View full width]
int sprintf(char *restrict buf, const char
*restrict format, ...);
int snprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n,
const char *restrict format, ...);
格式化输入
#include <stdio.h>
int scanf(const char *restrict format, ...);
int fscanf(FILE *restrict fp, const char *restrict
format, ...);
int sscanf(const char *restrict buf, const char
*restrict format,
...);
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int vscanf(const char *restrict format, va_list arg);
int vfscanf(FILE *restrict fp, const char
*restrict format,
va_list arg);
int vsscanf(const char *restrict buf, const char
*restrict format,
va_list arg);
7.临时文件
两个函数帮助创建临时文件
#include <stdio.h>
char *tmpnam(char *ptr);
Returns: pointer to unique pathname
FILE *tmpfile(void);
例:
#include "apue.h"
int
main(void)
{
char name[L_tmpnam], line[MAXLINE];
FILE *fp;
printf("%s\n", tmpnam(NULL)); /* first temp name */
tmpnam(name); /* second temp name */
printf("%s\n", name);
if ((fp = tmpfile()) == NULL) /* create temp file */
err_sys("tmpfile error");
fputs("one line of output\n", fp); /* write to temp file */
rewind(fp); /* then read it back */
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) == NULL)
err_sys("fgets error");
fputs(line, stdout); /* print the line we wrote */
exit(0);
}
#include <stdio.h>
char *tempnam(const char *directory, const char
*prefix);
#include <stdlib.h>
int mkstemp(char *template);
例:
#include "apue.h"
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc != 3)
err_quit("usage: a.out <directory> <prefix>");
printf("%s\n", tempnam(argv[1][0] != ' ' ? argv[1] : NULL,
argv[2][0] != ' ' ? argv[2] : NULL));
exit(0);
}