【Python入门第二十九天】Python RegEx

RegEx 或正则表达式是形成搜索模式的字符序列。

RegEx 可用于检查字符串是否包含指定的搜索模式。

RegEx 模块

Python 提供名为 re 的内置包，可用于处理正则表达式。

导入 re 模块：

import re

Python 中的 RegEx

导入 re 模块后，就可以开始使用正则表达式了：

实例

检索字符串以查看它是否以 “China” 开头并以 “country” 结尾：

import re

txt = "China is a great country"
x = re.search("^China.*country$", txt)

运行实例

import re

txt = "China is a great country"
x = re.search("^China.*country$", txt)

if (x):
  print("YES! We have a match!")
else:
  print("No match")

RegEx 函数

re 模块提供了一组函数，允许我们检索字符串以进行匹配：

元字符

元字符是具有特殊含义的字符

字符：[]
描述：一组字符
示例：“[a-m]”

import re

str = "The rain in Spain"

#Find all lower case characters alphabetically between "a" and "m":

x = re.findall("[a-m]", str)
print(x)

运行示例

字符：
描述：示意特殊序列（也可用于转义特殊字符）
示例：“\d”

import re

str = "That will be 59 dollars"

#Find all digit characters:

x = re.findall("\d", str)
print(x)

运行示例

字符：.
描述：任何字符（换行符除外）
示例： “he…o”

import re

str = "hello world"

#Search for a sequence that starts with "he", followed by two (any) characters, and an "o":

x = re.findall("he..o", str)
print(x)

运行示例

字符：^
描述：起始于
示例： “^hello”

import re

str = "hello world"

#Check if the string starts with 'hello':

x = re.findall("^hello", str)
if (x):
  print("Yes, the string starts with 'hello'")
else:
  print("No match")

运行示例

字符：$
描述：结束于
示例：“world$”

import re

str = "hello world"

#Check if the string ends with 'world':

x = re.findall("world$", str)
if (x):
  print("Yes, the string ends with 'world'")
else:
  print("No match")

运行示例

字符：*
描述：零次或多次出现
示例：“aix*”

import re

str = "The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain!"

#Check if the string contains "ai" followed by 0 or more "x" characters:

x = re.findall("aix*", str)

print(x)

if (x):
  print("Yes, there is at least one match!")
else:
  print("No match")

运行示例

字符：+
描述：一次或多次出现
示例： “aix+”

import re

str = "The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain!"

#Check if the string contains "ai" followed by 1 or more "x" characters:

x = re.findall("aix+", str)

print(x)

if (x):
  print("Yes, there is at least one match!")
else:
  print("No match")

运行示例

字符：{}
描述： 确切地指定的出现次数
示例：“al{2}”

import re

str = "The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain!&