Swift3中dispatch_once废弃的解决办法

在Swift中如果想搞类的单例模式,那么在初始化的时候一般会使用just one time执行的方式,我们使用dispatch_once_t配合调用dispatch_once方法,一般的代码如下:

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> token: dispatch_once_t = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>
func whatDoYouHear() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"All of this has happened before, and all of it will happen again."</span>)
    dispatch_once(&token) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Except this part."</span>)
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

不过在Swift3中会提示此法行不通,dispatch_xxx已废弃,use lazily initialized globals instead.

原来自从swift 1.x开始swift就已经开始用dispatch_one机制在后台支持线程安全的全局lazy初始化和静态属性.所以static var背后已经在使用dispatch_once了.网友的解释是:

<code class="hljs applescript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">So <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> static var <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">above</span> was already using dispatch_once, which makes <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">it</span> sort <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> weird (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">and</span> possibly problematic <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">to</span> use <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">it</span> again <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">as</span> a token <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> another dispatch_once. In fact there's really no safe way <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">to</span> use dispatch_once <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">without</span> this kind <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> recursion, so they got rid <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">it</span>. Instead, just use <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> language features built <span class="hljs-function_start" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">on</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">it</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

所以现在的swift3中干脆把dispatch_once显式的取消了.

我们再Swift3中若要想实现原来dispatch_once的机制可以用以下几种办法:

1.使用全局常量

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">let</span> foo = SomeClass()</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

2.带立即执行闭包初始化器的全局变量:

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> bar: SomeClass = {
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">let</span> b = SomeClass()
    b.someProperty = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"whatever"</span>
    b.doSomeStuff()
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> b
}()</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

3.类,结构,枚举中的静态属性:

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyClass</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> let singleton = MyClass()
    init() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"foo"</span>)
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

你还可以直接创建一个全局的变量或静态属性来达到没有结果的just one time:

<code class="hljs coffeescript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-reserved" style="box-sizing: border-box;">let</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">justAOneTimeThing</span>: () = {
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Not coming back here."</span>)
}()</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

如果你觉得这都不和你的胃口,你可以在需要调用justAOneTimeThing的地方直接调用它就是啦:

<code class="hljs mathematica has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">func doTheOneTimeThing() <span class="hljs-list" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    justAOneTimeThing
}</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

所以在Swift3中推荐使用如下方法来完成一个单例:

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Foo</span>{</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> let sharedInstance = Foo()
    <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">var</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">sharedFoo</span> {</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> sharedInstance
    }
}</code>

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/39562887/how-to-implement-method-swizzling-swift-3-0

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/37801407/whither-dispatch-once-in-swift-3/37801408#37801408