《TCP/IP网络编程》第24章 制作HTTP服务器端
HTTP概要
HTTP（Hypertext Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议）服务器端，即Web服务器端。
Web服务器端
基于HTTP协议，将网页对应文件传输给用户端的服务器端。
Hypertext(超文本，可跳转的文本，点击鼠标跳转到任意页面)是可以根据客户端请求而跳转的结构化信息。
HTTP协议是以超文本传输为目的而设计的应用层协议，基于TCP/IP实现的协议。
浏览器属于基于套接字的客户端，且多了一项功能：将服务器端传输的HTML格式的超文本解析为可读性较强的视图。
HTTP
- 无状态的Stateless协议
服务器端响应客户端请求后立即断开连接。一次请求，一次响应，无法保持连接（Cookie和Session技术弥补这个缺点，保持状态）。
- 请求消息（Request Message）结构
请求行 Get /index.html HTTP/1.1\r\n
消息头 User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0\r\nAccept:image/gif,image/jpeg\r\n
空行 \r\n\r\n
消息体 仅在POST方式请求时插入
请求行含请求方式（目的），GET请求数据，POST传输数据。
消息头含浏览器信息、用户认证信息等关于HTTP消息的附加信息。
消息体（GET请求方法时不存在）装有传输的数据（POST方式发送请求）。
消息头和消息体以空行分开，不会发生边界问题。
- 响应消息（Response Message）结构
状态行 HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n
消息头 Server:SimpleWebServer\r\nContent-type:text/html\r\nContent-length:2048\r\n
空行 \r\n
消息体 <html>...</html>
状态码（表示客户端请求的执行结果的数字）
200 OK，成功处理请求
404 Not Found，文件不存在
400 Bad Request，请求方式错误
消息头含传输数据类型，长度等信息。
简单的Web服务器端
http://localhost:9999/index.html
http://127.0.0.1:9999/index.html
curl -v http://127.0.0.1:9999/index.html
curl -v http://127.0.0.1:9999/test/file.txt
Windows多线程Web服务器端
24.webserv_win.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <process.h>
#define PORT 9999
#define BUF_SIZE 2048
#define BUF_SMALL 100
void ErrorHanding(const char *message)
{
fputs(message, stderr);
fputc('\n', stderr);
exit(1);
}
// 查找字符串str在buf中首次出现的位置
int GetLine(const char *buf, const char *str)
{
int m = strlen(buf);
int n = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i <= m - n; i++)
if (strncmp(buf + i, str, n) == 0)
return i;
return -1;
}
// 根据文件名的后缀返回对应的MIME类型
char *ContentType(char *file)
{
char extension[BUF_SMALL] = {0};
int n = GetLine(file, ".");
strcpy(extension, file + n + 1);
if (!strcmp(extension, "html") || !strcmp(extension, "htm"))
return "text/html";
else
return "text/plain";
}
// 返回错误响应
void SendErrorMSG(SOCKET sock)
{
char protocol[] = "HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request\r\n";
char servName[] = "Server: simple web server\r\n";
char cntType[] = "Content-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n";
char content[] = "<html><head><title>NETWORK</title></head><body>"
"<font size=+5>error!<br/>filename and method!</font>"
"</body></html>";
char cntLen[256];
sprintf(cntLen, "Content-Length: %d\r\n", strlen(content));
send(sock, protocol, strlen(protocol), 0);
send(sock, servName, strlen(servName), 0);
send(sock, cntLen, strlen(cntLen), 0);
send(sock, cntType, strlen(cntType), 0);
send(sock, content, strlen(content), 0);
}
// 读取文件内容，作为响应数据发送
void SendData(SOCKET sock, char *ct, char *fileName)
{
char protocol[] = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n";
char servName[] = "Server: simple web server\r\n";
char cntType[BUF_SMALL];
sprintf(cntType, "Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n", ct);
FILE *fp;
if ((fp = fopen(fileName, "r")) == NULL)
{
SendErrorMSG(sock);
return;
}
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END); // 将文件指针指向该文件的最后
long file_size = ftell(fp); // 文件大小，大于等于文件字符数（多余字符为NULL）
char *tmp = (char *)malloc(file_size);
memset(tmp, '\0', file_size);
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET); // 重新将指针指向文件首部
fread(tmp, sizeof(char), file_size, fp); // 开始读取整个文件
fclose(fp);
char cntLen[256];
sprintf(cntLen, "Content-Length: %d\r\n", strlen(tmp));
send(sock, protocol, strlen(protocol), 0);
send(sock, servName, strlen(servName), 0);
send(sock, cntLen, strlen(cntLen), 0);
send(sock, cntType, strlen(cntType), 0);
send(sock, tmp, strlen(tmp), 0);
free(tmp);
}
unsigned WINAPI RequestHandler(void *arg)
{
SOCKET hClntSock = *(SOCKET *)arg;
int timeout = 100; // 0.1s
int ret = setsockopt(hClntSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (const char *)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
char buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
if (recv(hClntSock, buf, BUF_SIZE - 1, 0) <= 0) // 一次性读取所有请求内容
{
SendErrorMSG(hClntSock);
closesocket(hClntSock);
return 1;
}
// printf("recv:\n%s", buf);
char line[256] = {0};
int n = GetLine(buf, "\r\n"); // 实际上，只需要读取请求行
strncpy(line, buf, n); // 请求行
if (strstr(line, "HTTP/") == NULL) // 协议
{
SendErrorMSG(hClntSock);
closesocket(hClntSock);
return 1;
}
char method[BUF_SMALL] = {0};
n = GetLine(line, " /");
strncpy(method, line, n);
if (strcmp(method, "GET")) // 方法
{
SendErrorMSG(hClntSock);
closesocket(hClntSock);
return 1;
}
char fileName[BUF_SMALL] = {0};
n = GetLine(line + 5, " ");
if (n <= 0)
{
SendErrorMSG(hClntSock);
closesocket(hClntSock);
return 1;
}
strncpy(fileName, line + 5, n); // 请求文件
char ct[BUF_SMALL] = {0};
strcpy(ct, ContentType(fileName)); // 文件类型
SendData(hClntSock, ct, fileName);
closesocket(hClntSock);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
WSADATA wsaData;
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
ErrorHanding("WSAStartup() error!");
SOCKET hServSock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (hServSock == INVALID_SOCKET)
ErrorHanding("socket() error!");
int opt = 1;
if (setsockopt(hServSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char *)&opt, sizeof(opt)) < 0)
ErrorHanding("setsockopt() error!");
int szAddr = sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN);
SOCKADDR_IN servAddr;
memset(&servAddr, 0, szAddr);
servAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servAddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
if (bind(hServSock, (SOCKADDR *)&servAddr, szAddr) == SOCKET_ERROR)
ErrorHanding("bind() error!");
if (listen(hServSock, 5) == SOCKET_ERROR)
ErrorHanding("listen() error!");
while (1)
{
SOCKADDR_IN clntAddr;
SOCKET hClntSock = accept(hServSock, (SOCKADDR *)&clntAddr, &szAddr);
if (hClntSock == INVALID_SOCKET)
ErrorHanding("accept() error!");
printf("Connection Request: %s:%d\n", inet_ntoa(clntAddr.sin_addr), ntohs(clntAddr.sin_port));
unsigned dwThreadID;
HANDLE hThread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, RequestHandler, (void *)&hClntSock, 0, &dwThreadID);
}
closesocket(hServSock);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
// gcc 24.webserv_win.c -o 24.webserv_win -lws2_32 && 24.webserv_win
// curl -v http://127.0.0.1:9999/24.webserv_win.c
Linux多线程Web服务器端
24.webserv_linux.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define PORT 9999
#define BUF_SIZE 2048
#define BUF_SMALL 100
void error_handling(const char *message)
{
fputs(message, stderr);
fputc('\n', stderr);
exit(1);
}
// 查找字符串str在buf中首次出现的位置
int GetLine(const char *buf, const char *str)
{
int m = strlen(buf);
int n = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i <= m - n; i++)
if (strncmp(buf + i, str, n) == 0)
return i;
return -1;
}
// 根据文件名的后缀返回对应的MIME类型
char *ContentType(char *file)
{
char extension[BUF_SMALL] = {0};
int n = GetLine(file, ".");
strcpy(extension, file + n + 1);
if (!strcmp(extension, "html") || !strcmp(extension, "htm"))
return "text/html";
else
return "text/plain";
}
// 返回错误响应
void SendErrorMSG(FILE *sock)
{
char protocol[] = "HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request\r\n";
char servName[] = "Server: simple web server\r\n";
char cntType[] = "Content-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n";
char content[] = "<html><head><title>NETWORK</title></head><body>"
"<font size=+5>error!<br/>filename and method!</font>"
"</body></html>";
char cntLen[256];
sprintf(cntLen, "Content-Length: %ld\r\n", strlen(content));
fputs(protocol, sock);
fputs(servName, sock);
fputs(cntLen, sock);
fputs(cntType, sock);
fputs(content, sock);
fflush(sock);
}
// 读取文件内容，作为响应数据发送
void SendData(FILE *sock, char *ct, char *fileName)
{
char protocol[] = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n";
char servName[] = "Server: simple web server\r\n";
char cntType[BUF_SMALL];
sprintf(cntType, "Content-Type: %s\r\n\r\n", ct);
FILE *fp;
if ((fp = fopen(fileName, "r")) == NULL)
{
SendErrorMSG(sock);
return;
}
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END); // 将文件指针指向该文件的最后
long file_size = ftell(fp); // 文件大小，大于等于文件字符数（多余字符为NULL）
char *tmp = (char *)malloc(file_size);
memset(tmp, '\0', file_size);
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET); // 重新将指针指向文件首部
fread(tmp, sizeof(char), file_size, fp); // 开始读取整个文件
fclose(fp);
char cntLen[256];
sprintf(cntLen, "Content-Length: %ld\r\n", strlen(tmp));
fputs(protocol, sock);
fputs(servName, sock);
fputs(cntLen, sock);
fputs(cntType, sock);
// send(sock, tmp, strlen(tmp), 0);
fwrite(tmp, 1, strlen(tmp), sock);
fflush(sock);
free(tmp);
}
void *RequestHandler(void *arg)
{
int hClntSock = *(int *)arg;
int timeout = 100; // 0.1s
int ret = setsockopt(hClntSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (const char *)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
FILE *clnt_read = fdopen(hClntSock, "r");
FILE *clnt_write = fdopen(dup(hClntSock), "w");
char buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
if (fgets(buf, BUF_SIZE - 1, clnt_read) == NULL) // 一次性读取所有请求内容
{
SendErrorMSG(clnt_write);
fclose(clnt_read);
fclose(clnt_write);
return (void *)1;
}
char line[256] = {0};
int n = GetLine(buf, "\r\n"); // 实际上，只需要读取请求行
strncpy(line, buf, n); // 请求行
if (strstr(line, "HTTP/") == NULL) // 协议
{
SendErrorMSG(clnt_write);
fclose(clnt_read);
fclose(clnt_write);
return (void *)1;
}
char method[BUF_SMALL] = {0};
n = GetLine(line, " /");
strncpy(method, line, n);
if (strcmp(method, "GET")) // 方法
{
SendErrorMSG(clnt_write);
fclose(clnt_read);
fclose(clnt_write);
return (void *)1;
}
char fileName[BUF_SMALL] = {0};
n = GetLine(line + 5, " ");
if (n <= 0)
{
SendErrorMSG(clnt_write);
fclose(clnt_read);
fclose(clnt_write);
return (void *)1;
}
strncpy(fileName, line + 5, n); // 请求文件
char ct[BUF_SMALL] = {0};
strcpy(ct, ContentType(fileName)); // 文件类型
SendData(clnt_write, ct, fileName);
fclose(clnt_read);
fclose(clnt_write);
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int hServSock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (hServSock == -1)
error_handling("socket() error!");
int opt = 1;
if (setsockopt(hServSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const void *)&opt, sizeof(opt)) == -1)
error_handling("setsockopt() error!");
socklen_t szAddr = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
struct sockaddr_in servAddr;
memset(&servAddr, 0, szAddr);
servAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servAddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
if (bind(hServSock, (struct sockaddr *)&servAddr, szAddr) == -1)
error_handling("bind() error!");
if (listen(hServSock, 5) == -1)
error_handling("listen() error!");
while (1)
{
struct sockaddr_in clntAddr;
int hClntSock = accept(hServSock, (struct sockaddr *)&clntAddr, &szAddr);
if (hClntSock == -1)
error_handling("accept() error!");
printf("Connection Request: %s:%d\n", inet_ntoa(clntAddr.sin_addr), ntohs(clntAddr.sin_port));
pthread_t hThread;
pthread_create(&hThread, NULL, RequestHandler, &hClntSock);
pthread_detach(hThread);
}
close(hServSock);
return 0;
}
// gcc 24.webserv_linux.c -o 24.webserv_linux && ./24.webserv_linux
// curl -v http://127.0.0.1:9999/24.webserv_linux.c
1209
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
