流体力学题目1
题目
状态方程为(1),求其等熵声速。
p
=
(
γ
−
1
)
ρ
e
+
γ
p
∞
(1)
p=(\gamma -1)\rho e+\gamma p_{\infty } \tag{1}
p=(γ−1)ρe+γp∞(1)
解答
考虑等熵情况,并以
p
p
p和
ρ
\rho
ρ为独立变量,有(2)、(3)和(4)。
d
e
=
−
p
d
τ
(2)
de=-pd\tau \tag{2}
de=−pdτ(2)
d e = ( ∂ e ∂ p ) ρ d p + ( ∂ e ∂ ρ ) p d ρ (3) de=(\frac{\partial e}{\partial p}) _{\rho }dp+(\frac{\partial e}{\partial \rho}) _{p }d\rho \tag{3} de=(∂p∂e)ρdp+(∂ρ∂e)pdρ(3)
a 2 = ( ∂ p ∂ ρ ) s (4) a^{2}=(\frac{\partial p}{\partial \rho} )_{s} \tag{4} a2=(∂ρ∂p)s(4)
其中e为内能,
τ
\tau
τ为比容,p为压强,
ρ
\rho
ρ为密度,a为声速,s为熵。
联立(2)(3)(4)得(5)
a
2
=
(
P
ρ
2
−
(
∂
e
∂
ρ
)
p
)
/
(
∂
e
∂
p
)
ρ
(5)
a^{2}=(\frac{P}{\rho^{2}}-(\frac{\partial e}{\partial \rho})_p)/(\frac{\partial e}{\partial p}) _\rho \tag{5}
a2=(ρ2P−(∂ρ∂e)p)/(∂p∂e)ρ(5)
由(1)得(6)(7)
(
∂
e
∂
ρ
)
p
=
−
p
+
γ
p
∞
(
γ
−
1
)
ρ
2
(6)
(\frac{\partial e}{\partial \rho}) _ p=\frac{-p+\gamma p_{\infty}}{(\gamma -1) \rho^{2}} \tag{6}
(∂ρ∂e)p=(γ−1)ρ2−p+γp∞(6)
( ∂ e ∂ p ) ρ = 1 ( γ − 1 ) ρ (7) (\frac{\partial e}{\partial p})_{\rho}=\frac{1}{(\gamma -1)\rho } \tag{7} (∂p∂e)ρ=(γ−1)ρ1(7)
将(6)(7)带入(5)得(8)
a
2
=
γ
(
p
−
p
∞
ρ
)
(8)
a^2=\gamma (\frac{p-p_{\infty}}{\rho} ) \tag{8}
a2=γ(ρp−p∞)(8)
由于声速为正数,从而声速为(9)
a
=
γ
(
p
−
p
∞
ρ
)
(9)
a=\sqrt{ \gamma (\frac{p-p_{\infty}}{\rho} )} \tag{9}
a=γ(ρp−p∞)(9)