hdu 5834 Magic boy Bi Luo with his excited tree

Magic boy Bi Luo with his excited tree

Time Limit: 8000/4000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 131072/131072 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 559    Accepted Submission(s): 131

Problem Description

Bi Luo is a magic boy, he also has a migic tree, the tree has  N  nodes , in each node , there is a treasure, it's value is  V[i] , and for each edge, there is a cost  C[i] , which means every time you pass the edge  i  , you need to pay  C[i] .

You may attention that every  V[i]  can be taken only once, but for some  C[i]  , you may cost severial times.

Now, Bi Luo define  ans[i]  as the most value can Bi Luo gets if Bi Luo starts at node  i .

Bi Luo is also an excited boy, now he wants to know every  ans[i] , can you help him?

 

Input

First line is a positive integer  T(T≤104)  , represents there are  T  test cases.

Four each test：

The first line contain an integer  N (N≤105) .

The next line contains  N  integers  V[i] , which means the treasure’s value of node  i(1≤V[i]≤104) .

For the next  N−1  lines, each contains three integers  u,v,c  , which means node  u  and node  v  are connected by an edge, it's cost is  c(1≤c≤104) .

You can assume that the sum of  N  will not exceed  106 .

 

Output

For the i-th test case , first output Case #i: in a single line , then output  N  lines , for the i-th line , output  ans[i]  in a single line.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   1
5
4 1 7 7 7 
1 2 6
1 3 1
2 4 8
3 5 2
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   Case #1:
15
10
14
9
15
  
  

 

Author

UESTC

 

Source

2016中国大学生程序设计竞赛 - 网络选拔赛

 

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Statistic |  Submit |  Discuss |  Note 题意：给你一棵树，有n个节点n-1条边，边有权值，点也有权值，只要经过边就要付费，走过之前没走过的点拿钱，问从每个点出发最多能得到多少钱。

第一次做树形dp的题就遇到这么恶心的题，赛后看着别人的代码研究了一个下午终于弄出来了，细节不是一般的多，思路要非常非常清晰，不然就gg。下面说下思路：

我们默认1为根节点跑一次dfs，用g数组表示以该节点为根向下走返回到该节点时的最大值,明显有转移方程：g[根] += max(g[子] -边权值*2, 0);从某个点出发获得最大值肯定最后的落点不会在原来的点上，所以我们用dp来存该点最后能获得的最大值和次大值，转移方程详情看代码。最后就知道根节点也就是1的答案就是dp[1][0]。

我们现在只知道1的答案，但是我们不能用一个循环重复上面步骤，时间复杂度很高，所以最后要靠根节点和子节点的关系再跑一次dfs，把其他点的答案全部推出来。子节点最大值的情况只有两种，子节点往上走然后回到原点，再往下走到某个地方达到最大，或者是反过来往下走然后回到原点往上走到最大。往下走到最大就是我们已经记录过的数dp[子][0]，往下走回到原点的最大就是g[子]，往上走我们可以看出根节点和子节点的关系，详情请看代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<stack>
#include<cstring>
#include<map>
#include<string>
#include<queue>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstdio>
#include<set>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
#define maxn 100005
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
typedef long long LL;
int value[maxn], head[maxn], dp[maxn][2], edge[maxn][3], g[maxn], ans[maxn][3];
struct node{
	int u, value, next;
}p[maxn << 1];
const int read()
{
	char ch = getchar();
	while (ch<'0' || ch>'9') ch = getchar();
	int x = ch - '0';
	while ((ch = getchar()) >= '0'&&ch <= '9') x = x * 10 + ch - '0';
	return x;
}
void dfs(int x, int fa){
	g[x] = value[x];
	for (int i = head[x]; i != -1; i = p[i].next){
		if (p[i].u == fa)
			continue;
		dfs(p[i].u, x);
		g[x] += max(g[p[i].u] - (p[i].value << 1), 0);
	}
	edge[x][0] = edge[x][1] = -1;
	for (int i = head[x]; i != -1; i = p[i].next){
		if (p[i].u == fa || (dp[p[i].u][0] - p[i].value <= 0))
			continue;
		int now = g[x] - max(g[p[i].u] - (p[i].value << 1), 0) + max(dp[p[i].u][0] - p[i].value, 0);
		if (edge[x][0] == -1){
			edge[x][0] = i;
			dp[x][0] = now;
		}
		else if (edge[x][1] == -1 || now > dp[x][1]){
			edge[x][1] = i;
			dp[x][1] = now;
			if (dp[x][0] < dp[x][1]){
				swap(edge[x][0], edge[x][1]);
				swap(dp[x][0], dp[x][1]);
			}
		}
	}
	if (edge[x][0] == -1)
		dp[x][0] = g[x];
	if (edge[x][1] == -1)
		dp[x][1] = g[x];
}
void solve(int x,int fa){
	for (int i = head[x]; i != -1; i = p[i].next){
		if (p[i].u == fa)
			continue;
		int y = p[i].u;
		ans[y][0] = dp[y][0] + max(g[x] - max(g[y] - (p[i].value << 1), 0) - (p[i].value << 1), 0);
		ans[y][1] = dp[y][1] + max(g[x] - max(g[y] - (p[i].value << 1), 0) - (p[i].value << 1), 0);
		edge[y][2] = i;
		if (edge[x][0] == i){
			if (g[y] >= (p[i].value << 1))
				ans[y][2] = ans[x][1] + p[i].value;
			else
				ans[y][2] = g[y] - p[i].value + ans[x][1];
		}
		else{
			if (g[y] >= (p[i].value << 1))
				ans[y][2] = ans[x][0] + p[i].value;
			else
				ans[y][2] = g[y] - p[i].value + ans[x][0];
		}
		if (ans[y][2] > ans[y][1]){
			swap(ans[y][2], ans[y][1]);
			swap(edge[y][2], edge[y][1]);
		}
		if (ans[y][1] > ans[y][0]){
			swap(ans[y][1], ans[y][0]);
			swap(edge[y][1], edge[y][0]);
		}
		g[y] += max(g[x] - max(g[y] - (p[i].value << 1), 0) - (p[i].value << 1), 0);
		solve(y, x);
	}
}
int main(){
	int t;
	t = read();
	for (int tcase = 1; tcase <= t; tcase++){
		int n;
		n = read();
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
			value[i] = read();
			head[i] = -1;
			g[i] = 0;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < ((n - 1) << 1); i++){
			int x, y, z;
			x = read();
			y = read();
			z = read();
			p[i].u = y;
			p[i].value = z;
			p[i].next = head[x];
			head[x] = i++;
			p[i].u = x;
			p[i].value = z;
			p[i].next = head[y];
			head[y] = i;
		}
		dfs(1, 0);
		ans[1][0] = dp[1][0];
		ans[1][1] = dp[1][1];
		solve(1, 0);
		printf("Case #%d:\n", tcase);
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
			printf("%d\n", ans[i][0]);
		}
	}
}