Codeforces 768B Code For 1

B. Code For 1

time limit per test

2 seconds

memory limit per test

256 megabytes

input

standard input

output

standard output

Jon fought bravely to rescue the wildlings who were attacked by the white-walkers at Hardhome. On his arrival, Sam tells him that he wants to go to Oldtown to train at the Citadel to become a maester, so he can return and take the deceased Aemon's place as maester of Castle Black. Jon agrees to Sam's proposal and Sam sets off his journey to the Citadel. However becoming a trainee at the Citadel is not a cakewalk and hence the maesters at the Citadel gave Sam a problem to test his eligibility.

Initially Sam has a list with a single element n. Then he has to perform certain operations on this list. In each operation Sam must remove any element x, such that x > 1, from the list and insert at the same position , ,  sequentially. He must continue with these operations until all the elements in the list are either 0 or 1.

Now the masters want the total number of 1s in the range l to r (1-indexed). Sam wants to become a maester but unfortunately he cannot solve this problem. Can you help Sam to pass the eligibility test?

Input

The first line contains three integers n, l, r (0 ≤ n < 250, 0 ≤ r - l ≤ 105, r ≥ 1, l ≥ 1) – initial element and the range l to r.

It is guaranteed that r is not greater than the length of the final list.

Output

Output the total number of 1s in the range l to r in the final sequence.

Examples

input

7 2 5

output

4

input

10 3 10

output

5

Note

Consider first example:

Elements on positions from 2-nd to 5-th in list is [1, 1, 1, 1]. The number of ones is 4.

For the second example:

Elements on positions from 3-rd to 10-th in list is [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0]. The number of ones is 5.

题意：给你一个数n和区间l,r，每次都能把任意数拆成n/2,n%2,n/2三个数，直到变成0和1，问区间l,r里有多少个1。

思路：做法类似线段树的查询，很明显对给定的数n，它拆到最后的长度是能算出来的。然后递推求出每一位上的数是多少然后求和就好了。看代码吧：

#include<cstdio>  
#include<algorithm>  
#include<cstring>  
#include<iostream>  
#include<cmath>  
#include<queue>  
#include<functional>  
typedef long long LL;
using namespace std;
#define maxn 1000005
#define ll l,mid,now<<1  
#define rr mid+1,r,now<<1|1  
#define lson l1,mid,l2,r2,now<<1  
#define rson mid+1,r1,l2,r2,now<<1|1  
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f  
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
LL query(LL l1,LL r1,LL l2,LL r2,LL nownumber){
	if (l1 == r1)
		return nownumber;
	LL mid = l1 + r1 >> 1;
	LL a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
	if (l2 < mid)
		a = query(l1, mid - 1, l2, r2, nownumber >> 1);
	if (r2 > mid)
		b = query(mid + 1, r1, l2, r2, nownumber >> 1);
	if (l2 <= mid && r2 >= mid)
		c = nownumber % 2;
	return a + b + c;
}
int main(){
	LL n,l, r;
	scanf("%lld%lld%lld", &n, &l, &r);
	LL len = 1;
	LL now = n;
	LL add = 2;
	while (now > 1){
		now >>= 1;
		len += add;
		add <<= 1;
	}
	printf("%lld\n", query(1, len, l, r, n));
}