Prototype模式被翻译为原型模式,这里我们看到了创建对象的另外一种方式。
一般在程序中我们可以使用的对象创建方法有:
1. 使用new关键字创建对象,这是最最普通的一种。
2. 使用对象序列化( Serialize)创建对象
3. 使用反射机制( Reflection)动态创建对象
4. 使用clone(克隆)方式创建对象
这里的Prototype模式用的就是第4种方法,它通过复制一个已经存在的对象实例来创建新的对象实例,被复制的对象实例称为“原型”。原型模式多应用在创建复杂的或者耗时的实例,因为在这种情况下通过复制一个已经存在的对象使得程序的运行效率更高;或者值相等而命名不一样的同类数据。
C#示例代码:
public
enum
RecordType
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
Car,
Person
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
/**/
/// <summary>
/// Record is the Prototype
/// </summary>
public
abstract
class
Record
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
public abstract Record Clone();
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
/**/
/// <summary>
/// PersonRecord is the Concrete Prototype
/// </summary>
public
class
PersonRecord : Record
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
string name;
int age;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
public override Record Clone()
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
return (Record)this.MemberwiseClone(); // default shallow copy
}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
/**/
/// <summary>
/// CarRecord is another Concrete Prototype
/// </summary>
public
class
CarRecord : Record
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
string carname;
Guid id;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
public override Record Clone()
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
CarRecord clone = (CarRecord)this.MemberwiseClone(); // default shallow copy
clone.id = Guid.NewGuid(); // always generate new id
return clone;
}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
/**/
/// <summary>
/// RecordFactory is the client
/// </summary>
public
class
RecordFactory
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
private static Dictionary<RecordType, Record> _prototypes =
new Dictionary<RecordType, Record>();
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
/**//// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
public RecordFactory()
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
_prototypes.Add(RecordType.Car, new CarRecord());
_prototypes.Add(RecordType.Person, new PersonRecord());
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
/**//// <summary>
/// The Factory method
/// </summary>
public Record CreateRecord(RecordType type)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
return _prototypes[type].Clone();
}
}
Java示例代码:
/** */
/** Prototype Class **/
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
public
class
Cookie
implements
Cloneable
...
{
public Object clone()
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
try...{
//In an actual implementation of this pattern you would now attach references to
//the expensive to produce parts from the copies that are held inside the prototype.
return this.getClass().newInstance();
}
catch(InstantiationException e)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
/** */
/** Concrete Prototypes to clone **/
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
public
class
CoconutCookie
extends
Cookie
...
{ }
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
/** */
/** Client Class**/
public
class
CookieMachine
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
private Cookie cookie;//could have been a private Cloneable cookie;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public CookieMachine(Cookie cookie) ...{
this.cookie = cookie;
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public Cookie makeCookie() ...{
return (Cookie)cookie.clone();
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public Object clone() ...{ }
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public static void main(String args[])...{
Cookie tempCookie = null;
Cookie prot = new CoconutCookie();
CookieMachine cm = new CookieMachine(prot);
for(int i=0; i<100; i++)
tempCookie = cm.makeCookie();
}
}
一般在程序中我们可以使用的对象创建方法有:
1. 使用new关键字创建对象,这是最最普通的一种。
2. 使用对象序列化( Serialize)创建对象
3. 使用反射机制( Reflection)动态创建对象
4. 使用clone(克隆)方式创建对象
这里的Prototype模式用的就是第4种方法,它通过复制一个已经存在的对象实例来创建新的对象实例,被复制的对象实例称为“原型”。原型模式多应用在创建复杂的或者耗时的实例,因为在这种情况下通过复制一个已经存在的对象使得程序的运行效率更高;或者值相等而命名不一样的同类数据。
![](http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/Diagrams/prototype.gif)
C#示例代码:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1327ab569c1ae82736693a50b8e33378.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/0196c3df5ea9e936f21e9932cca91014.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
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![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1327ab569c1ae82736693a50b8e33378.gif)
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![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1327ab569c1ae82736693a50b8e33378.gif)
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![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/0196c3df5ea9e936f21e9932cca91014.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
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![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/717446ca04a6125dc5b6b54e0fa14ab4.gif)
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![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
Java示例代码:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1327ab569c1ae82736693a50b8e33378.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1327ab569c1ae82736693a50b8e33378.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/7ff8d92cded7e0ce15e7ca1acc870052.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/7ff8d92cded7e0ce15e7ca1acc870052.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
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