操作系统概念第二章编程项目-Linux内核模块

操作系统概念第二章编程项目

Linux Kernel Modules - Linux内核模块

第一部分：创建内核模块

Part I—Creating Kernel Modules
The first part of this project involves following a series of steps for creating and inserting a module into the Linux kernel. You can list all kernel modules that are currently loaded by entering the command
lsmod
This command will list the current kernel modules in three columns: name, size, and where the module is being used. The following program (named simple.c and available with the source code for this text) illustrates a very basic kernel module that prints appropriate messages when the kernel module is loaded and unloaded.
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
/* This function is called when the module is loaded. /
int simple_init(void)
{
printk(KERN INFO “Loading Module\n”);
return 0;
}
/ This function is called when the module is removed. /
void simple_exit(void)
{
printk(KERN INFO “Removing Module\n”);
}
/ Macros for registering module entry and exit points. */
module init(simple_init);
module exit(simple_exit);
MODULE LICENSE(“GPL”);
MODULE DESCRIPTION(“Simple Module”);
MODULE AUTHOR(“SGG”);
The function simple_init() is the module entry point, which represents the function that is invoked when the module is loaded into the kernel. Similarly, the simple_exit() function is the module exit point—the function that is called when the module is removed from the kernel. The module entry point function must return an integer value, with 0 representing success and any other value representing failure. The module exit point function returns void. Neither the module entry point nor the module exit point is passed any parameters. The two following macros are used for registering the module entry and exit points with the kernel:
module_init()
module_exit()
Notice how both the module entry and exit point functions make calls to the printk() function. printk() is the kernel equivalent of printf(), yet its output is sent to a kernel log buffer whose contents can be read by the dmesg command. One difference between printf() and printk() is that printk() allows us to specify a priority flag whose values are given in the <linux/printk.h> include file. In this instance, the priority is KERN INFO, which is defined as an informational message. The final lines—MODULE LICENSE(), MODULE DESCRIPTION(), and MODULEAUTHOR()—represent details regarding the software license, description of the module, and author.For our purposes, we do not depend on this information, but we include it because it is standard practice in developing kernel modules. This kernel module simple.c is compiled using the Makefile accompanying the source code with this project. To compile the module, enter the following on the command line:
make
The compilation produces several files. The file simple.ko represents the compiled kernel module. The following step illustrates inserting this module into the Linux kernel. Loading and Removing Kernel Modules Kernel modules are loaded using the insmod command, which is run as follows:
sudo insmod simple.ko
To check whether the module has loaded, enter the lsmod command and search for the module simple. Recall that the module entry point is invoked when the module is inserted into the kernel. To check the contents of this message in the kernel log buffer, enter the command
dmesg
You should see the message “Loading Module.” Removing the kernel module involves invoking the rmmod command (notice that the .ko suffix is unnecessary):
sudo rmmod simple
Be sure to check with the dmesg command to ensure the module has been removed. Because the kernel log buffer can fill up quickly, it often makes sense to clear the buffer periodically. This can be accomplished as
follows:
sudo dmesg -c

代码：（运行步骤按照上面的进行）

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#