clone方法的深复制和浅复制

      clone()方法是Object类中的一个方法，clone是穿件对象的四大方法之一（另外三个 new ，反射，发序列化），通过调用该方法，可以新建一个对象。那什么是深复制什么是浅复制呢？还是举例子来说比较直观。

首先是浅复制，反下面代码：

public class Student implements Cloneable{
 
    private String studentName;
 
    private int age;
   
    public int getAge() {
       return age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(int age) {
       this.age = age;
    }
 
    public String getStudentName() {
       return studentName;
    }
 
    public void setStudentName(String studentName) {
       this.studentName = studentName;
    }
 
   
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
      
       Student student =  (Student) super.clone();
   
       return student;
      
      
    }
   
}

public static void main(String args[]){
      
       Student student = new Student();
       student.setAge(10);
       student.setStudentName("xiaobai");
      
          
       try {
           Student s1  = (Student) student.clone();
          System.out.println("student.studentName:"+student.getStudentName());
           System.out.println("student.age:"+student.getAge());
          
           System.out.println("s1.studentName:"+s1.getStudentName());
           System.out.println("s1.age:"+s1.getAge());
   
       } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
       }
    }

打印运行输出结果：

 

student.studentName:xiaobai

student.age:10

s1.studentName:xiaobai

s1.age:10

student 和s1的内容完全一致，而且我们可以修改s1的值，而不会影响student的值。

验证一下：

public static void main(String args[]){
      
      
       Student student = new Student();
       student.setAge(10);
       student.setStudentName("xiaohong");
      
      
       try {
           Student s1  = (Student) student.clone();
           s1.setStudentName("xiaohei");
           System.out.println("student.studentName:"+student.getStudentName());
           System.out.println("student.age:"+student.getAge());
          
           System.out.println("s1.studentName:"+s1.getStudentName());
           System.out.println("s1.age:"+s1.getAge());
   
       } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
       }
      
    }

运行结果：

student.studentName:xiaohong

student.age:10

s1.studentName:xiaohei

s1.age:10

      需要注意clone方法在当前类没有实现Cloneable的情况下可能抛出CloneNotSupportedException，所以我们需要对该异常进行处理。以上的Student类中只有基本属性，这种拷贝被称为浅复制。

浅复制说完了再看深复制

    如果对象中有其他对象的引用，使用浅复制无法完成对象的整个克隆，因为如果使用浅复制，只是对象的引用得到的拷贝，而两个引用是指向了同一个对象，对其中一个修改还是会影响到另外一个对象。这时我们需要引入深复制，深复制实现起来也比较简单，只需要对对象中的对象再次进行clone操作。

看下面代码：

public class Glasses implements Cloneable {
 
    private String color;
 
    public String getColor() {
       return color;
    }
 
    public void setColor(String color) {
       this.color = color;
    }
 
 
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
      
       return super.clone();
    }
   
}
 

 
public class Student implements Cloneable{
 
    private String studentName;
 
    private Glasses glasses;
   
    private int age;
   
    public int getAge() {
       return age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(int age) {
       this.age = age;
    }
 
    public String getStudentName() {
       return studentName;
    }
 
    public void setStudentName(String studentName) {
       this.studentName = studentName;
    }
 
   
    public Glasses getGlasses() {
       return glasses;
    }
 
    public void setGlasses(Glasses glasses) {
       this.glasses = glasses;
    }
 
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
      
       Student student =  (Student) super.clone();
      
       student.glasses=   (Glasses) glasses.clone();
      
       return student;
      
    }
   
}

如果想对Glasses进行拷贝，而不是仅仅克隆Glasses的引用，在clone方法中增加了student.glasses=  (Glasses) glasses.clone();

验证一下：

    public static void main(String args[]){
      
       Student student = new Student();
       student.setAge(10);
       student.setStudentName("xiaobai");
      
       Glasses glasses = new Glasses();
      
       glasses.setColor("red");
      
       student.setGlasses(glasses);
      
      

       try {
           Student s1  = (Student) student.clone();
           s1.setStudentName("xiaohong");
           s1.getGlasses().setColor("blue");      
           System.out.println("s1.color:"+s1.getGlasses().getColor());
          System.out.println("student.color:"+student.getGlasses().getColor());

       } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
          
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
 
    }

运行输出：

s1.color:blue

student.color:red

通过以上实例，可以看出student中Glasses被复制，修改s1中的color不会影响student中的color。