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链接在文章末尾。
直接上成品：
本次项目一共用到的八个文件（图片文件省略）
每个文件源代码如下：
alien.py：
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
'''表示单个外星人的类'''
def __init__(self,ai_game):
'''初始化外星人并设置其起始位置'''
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.settings = ai_game.settings
#加载外星人图像并设置其rect属性
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/waixingren.png')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
#每个外星人最初都在屏幕的左上角附近
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
#存储外星人的精确水平位置
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def update(self):
"""向右或向左移动外星人"""
self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x = self.x
def check_edges(self):
"""如果外星人处于屏幕边缘就返回True"""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <=0:
return True
alien_invasion.py：
import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
class AlienInvasion:
"""管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
def __init__(self):
"""初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
pygame.init()#初始化背景设置
self.settings = Settings()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
#创建存储游戏统计信息的实例
# 并创建计分牌
self.stats = GameStats(self)
self.sb = Scoreboard(self)
self.ship = Ship(self)
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
self._create_fleet()
#创建Play按钮
self.play_button = Button(self,"Play")
def _ship_hit(self):
"""响应飞船被外星人撞到"""
if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
#将ships——left减1
self.stats.ships_left -= 1
self.sb.prep_ships()
#清空余下的外星人和子弹
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
#创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底端的中央、
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
#暂停
sleep(0.5)
else:
self.stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def _check_events(self):
"""响应按键和鼠标事件"""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
self._check_keydown_events(event)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
self._check_keyup_events(event)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)
def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):
"""玩家单机Play按钮时开始新游戏"""
button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
#重置游戏统计信息
self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.sb.prep_score()
self.sb.prep_level()
self.sb.prep_ships()
#清空余下的外星人和子弹
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
#创建一群新的外星人并让飞船居中
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def _check_keydown_events(self,event):
'''响应按键'''
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
#向右移动飞船
self.ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
#向左移动飞船
self.ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
self._fire_bullet()
def _check_keyup_events(self,event):
"""响应松开"""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = False
'''
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
self.ship.moving_up = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
self.ship.moving_down = False
'''
def _fire_bullet(self):
'''创建一颗子弹，并将其加入编组bullets中'''
if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(self)
self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
def _update_bullets(self):
'''更新子弹的位置并删除消失的子弹'''
#更新子弹的位置
self.bullets.update()
#删除消失的子弹
for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
self.bullets.remove(bullet)
self._check_bullet_alien_collosions()
def _check_bullet_alien_collosions(self):
"""响应子弹和外星人碰撞"""
#删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(
self.bullets,self.aliens,True,True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
self.sb.prep_score()
self.sb.check_high_score()
if not self.aliens:
#删除现有的子弹并新建一群外星人
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.settings.increase_speed()
#提高等级
self.stats.level += 1
self.sb.prep_level()
def _create_fleet(self):
'''创建外星人群'''
#创建一个外星人并计算一行可以容纳多少个外形人
#外星人的间距为外星人的宽度
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2*alien_width)
number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)
#计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人
ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height -
(3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height) - 2
#创建外星人群
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
self._create_alien(alien_number,row_number)
def _create_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):
'''创建一个外星人并将其放在当前行'''
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
self.aliens.add(alien)
def _check_fleet_edges(self):
"""有外星人到达边缘采取相应的措施"""
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
self._change_fleet_direction()
break
def _change_fleet_direction(self):
'''将整群外星人下移，并改变他们的方向'''
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def _update_screen(self):
'''更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到屏幕'''
self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
self.ship.blitme()
for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_button()
self.aliens.draw(self.screen)
#显示得分
self.sb.show_score()
#如果游戏处于非活跃状态，就会绘制Play按钮
if not self.stats.game_active:
self.play_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip()
def _update_aliens(self):
"""更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
self._check_fleet_edges()
self.aliens.update()
#检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):
self._ship_hit()
#检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端
self._check_aliens_bottom()
def run_game(self):
"""开始游戏的主循环"""
while True:
self._check_events()
if self.stats.game_active:
self.ship.update()
self._update_bullets()
self._update_aliens()
self._update_screen()
def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
"""检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端"""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
#像飞船被撞到一样处理
self._ship_hit()
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
#创建游戏实例并运行游戏
ai = AlienInvasion()
ai.run_game()bullet.py：
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
"""管理飞船所发射子弹的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_game):
"""在飞船当前位置创建一个子弹对象"""
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.color = self.settings.bullet_color
#在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，在设置正确的位置
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,
self.settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop
#存储用小数表示的子弹位置
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
def update(self):
"""向上移动子弹"""
#更新表示子弹位置的小数值
self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
#更新表示子弹的rect的位置
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_button(self):
'''在屏幕上绘制子弹'''
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
button.py：
import pygame.font
class Button:
def __init__(self,ai_game,msg):
"""初始化游戏的属性"""
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
#设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
self.width,self.height = 200,50
self.button_color = (0,255,0)
self.text_color = (255,255,255)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
#创建按钮的rect对象,并使其居中
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
#按钮的标签只需要创建一次
self._prep_msg(msg)
def _prep_msg(self,msg):
"""将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
#绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
game_stats.py：
class GameStats:
"""跟踪游戏的统计信息"""
def __init__(self,ai_game):
"""初始化统计信息"""
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.reset_stats()
self.game_active = False
#在任何情况下都不因该重置最高的得分
self.high_score = 0
def reset_stats(self):
"""初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limit
self.score = 0
self.level = 1
scoreboard.py：
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard:
"""显示得分信息的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_game):
"""初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
self.ai_game = ai_game
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.stats = ai_game.stats
#显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
self.text_color = (30,30,30)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
#准备初始得分图像和最高得分图像
self.prep_score()
self.prep_high_score()
self.prep_level()
self.prep_ships()
def prep_ships(self):
"""显示还剩下多少飞船"""
self.ships= Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship = Ship(self.ai_game)
ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y = 10
self.ships.add(ship)
def prep_level(self):
"""将等级转换为渲染图象"""
level_str = str(self.stats.level)
self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
#将等级放在得分的下方
self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
def prep_score(self):
"""将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""
rounded_score = round(self.stats.score,-1)
score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
#在屏幕右上角显示得分
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right =self.screen_rect.right - 20
self.score_rect.top = 20
def show_score(self):
"""在屏幕上显示得分"""
self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
self.ships.draw(self.screen)
def prep_high_score(self):
"""将最高分转换为渲染的图像"""
high_score = round(self.stats.high_score,-1)
high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
#将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央
self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top
def check_high_score(self):
"""检查是否诞生了新的最高分"""
if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
self.prep_high_score()
settings.py：
class Settings:
"""存储游戏《外星人入侵》中的所有设置的类"""
def __init__(self):
"""初始化游戏的设置"""
#屏幕设置
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 800
self.bg_color = (150,230,230)
self.ship_limit = 3
#子弹设置
self.bullet_width = 3
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
self.bullets_allowed = 3
#外星人设置
self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
#加快游戏节奏速度
self.speedup_scale = 1.1
#外星人分数的提高速度
self.score_scale = 1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
"""初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
self.ship_speed = 1.5
self.bullet_speed = 3.0
self.alien_speed = 1.0
#fleet_direction为1表示向右,为-1表示向左
self.fleet_direction = 1
#计分
self.alien_points = 50
def increase_speed(self):
"""提高速度设置"""
self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
ship.py：
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):
"""管理飞船的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_game):
"""初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
self.settings = ai_game.settings
#加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.png')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
#对于每艘新飞船，都将其放在屏幕的中央。
self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
#在飞船的属性x中存储小数值
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
#移动标志
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
'''
self.moving_up = False
self.moving_down = False
'''
def update(self):
"""根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
#更新飞船而不是rect对象的x值
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
self.x += self.settings.ship_speed
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed
'''
if self.moving_up and self.rect.top> 0:
self.y -= self.settings.ship_speed
if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom < self.screen_rect.bottom:
self.y += self.settings.ship_speed
'''
#根据self.x更新rect对象
self.rect.x = self.x
'''
self.rect.y = self.y
'''
def blitme(self):
"""在指定位置绘制飞船"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def center_ship(self):
"""让飞船在屏幕底端居中"""
self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
self.x = float(self.rect.x)GitHub - 2537422279/Alien_Invasion: A python-based mini-game
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