v4l2_dev.c浅析

V4l2视频操作最核心的处理函数：

#define VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES	256   //子设备数量
#define VIDEO_NAME              "video4linux"//设备名称，可能是在/dev下显示的名称

1、建立sysfs节点及属性

// sysfs stuff
static ssize_t show_index(struct device *cd, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = to_video_device(cd);
 return sprintf(buf, "%i\n", vdev->index);
}

static ssize_t show_name(struct device *cd, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = to_video_device(cd);
 return sprintf(buf, "%.*s\n", (int)sizeof(vdev->name), vdev->name);
}

static struct device_attribute video_device_attrs[] = {
 __ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_name, NULL),
 __ATTR(index, S_IRUGO, show_index, NULL),
 __ATTR_NULL
};

// Active devices
static struct video_device *video_device[VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES];//创建视频设备指针
static DEFINE_MUTEX(videodev_lock);//初始化锁
static DECLARE_BITMAP(devnode_nums[VFL_TYPE_MAX], VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);//初始化位映射

2、设备节点使用函数

/* Note: these utility functions all assume that vfl_type is in the range
   [0, VFL_TYPE_MAX-1]. */
这些实用函数都采用的vfl_type范围是[0, VFL_TYPE_MAX-1].
#ifdef CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES
/* Return the bitmap corresponding to vfl_type. */
返回vfl_type相关的位映射
static inline unsigned long *devnode_bits(int vfl_type)
{
 /* Any types not assigned to fixed minor ranges must be mapped to
    one single bitmap for the purposes of finding a free node number
    since all those unassigned types use the same minor range. */
 int idx = (vfl_type > VFL_TYPE_VTX) ? VFL_TYPE_MAX - 1 : vfl_type;

 return devnode_nums[idx];
}
#else
/* Return the bitmap corresponding to vfl_type. */
static inline unsigned long *devnode_bits(int vfl_type)
{
 return devnode_nums[vfl_type];
}
#endif

/* Mark device node number vdev->num as used */
static inline void devnode_set(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 set_bit(vdev->num, devnode_bits(vdev->vfl_type));
}

/* Mark device node number vdev->num as unused */
static inline void devnode_clear(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 clear_bit(vdev->num, devnode_bits(vdev->vfl_type));
}

/* Try to find a free device node number in the range [from, to> */
static inline int devnode_find(struct video_device *vdev, int from, int to)
{
 return find_next_zero_bit(devnode_bits(vdev->vfl_type), to, from);
}

3、video device简单操作

//给video_device结构体分配空间，要用video_device->release来释放
struct video_device *video_device_alloc(void)
{
 return kzalloc(sizeof(struct video_device), GFP_KERNEL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_device_alloc);
//释放给video_device结构体分配空间
void video_device_release(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 kfree(vdev);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_device_release);

void video_device_release_empty(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 /* Do nothing */
 /* Only valid when the video_device struct is a static. */
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_device_release_empty);
//增加设备的引用计数
static inline void video_get(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 get_device(&vdev->dev);
}
//减少设备的引用计数
static inline void video_put(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 put_device(&vdev->dev);
}

4、设备释放：v4l2_device_release

/* Called when the last user of the video device exits. */
static void v4l2_device_release(struct device *cd)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = to_video_device(cd);

 mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
 if (video_device[vdev->minor] != vdev) {
  mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
  /* should not happen */
  WARN_ON(1);
  return;
 }

 /* Free up this device for reuse 从video device数组中删除该设备*/
 video_device[vdev->minor] = NULL;
 /* Delete the cdev on this minor as well 删除字符设备*/
 cdev_del(vdev->cdev);
 /* Just in case some driver tries to access this from the release() callback. */
 vdev->cdev = NULL;

 /* Mark device node number as free */
 devnode_clear(vdev);
 mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
 /* 调用自己的release函数 Release video_device and perform other cleanups as needed. */
 vdev->release(vdev);
}

//video device类 定义sysfs用
static struct class video_class = {
 .name = VIDEO_NAME,
 .dev_attrs = video_device_attrs,
};

5、V4L2设备操作函数集

//通过节点返回该file对应的video_device设备
struct video_device *video_devdata(struct file *file)
{
 return video_device[iminor(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode)];
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_devdata);
最顶层的读函数，应用程序的下一层
static ssize_t v4l2_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf,  size_t sz, loff_t *off)
{
//根据次设备号从video_device[VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES]数组中得到当前操作的video device
 struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp); 
//判断该设备是否有读操作函数
 if (!vdev->fops->read)
  return -EINVAL;//无，直接返回
 if (video_is_unregistered(vdev))//还要判断该设备是否被注销
  return -EIO;
 return vdev->fops->read(filp, buf, sz, off);//否则调用该设备操作函数中的读操作
}

static ssize_t v4l2_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t sz, loff_t *off)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);

 if (!vdev->fops->write)
  return -EINVAL;
 if (video_is_unregistered(vdev))
  return -EIO;
 return vdev->fops->write(filp, buf, sz, off);
}

static unsigned int v4l2_poll(struct file *filp, struct poll_table_struct *poll)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);

 if (!vdev->fops->poll || video_is_unregistered(vdev))
  return DEFAULT_POLLMASK;
 return vdev->fops->poll(filp, poll);
}

static int v4l2_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp,
 unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);

 if (!vdev->fops->ioctl)
  return -ENOTTY;
 /* Allow ioctl to continue even if the device was unregistered.
    Things like dequeueing buffers might still be useful. */
 return vdev->fops->ioctl(filp, cmd, arg);
}

static long v4l2_unlocked_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);

 if (!vdev->fops->unlocked_ioctl)
  return -ENOTTY;
 /* Allow ioctl to continue even if the device was unregistered.
    Things like dequeueing buffers might still be useful. */
 return vdev->fops->unlocked_ioctl(filp, cmd, arg);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
#define v4l2_get_unmapped_area NULL
#else
static unsigned long v4l2_get_unmapped_area(struct file *filp,
  unsigned long addr, unsigned long len, unsigned long pgoff,
  unsigned long flags)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);

 if (!vdev->fops->get_unmapped_area)
  return -ENOSYS;
 if (video_is_unregistered(vdev))
  return -ENODEV;
 return vdev->fops->get_unmapped_area(filp, addr, len, pgoff, flags);
}
#endif

static int v4l2_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vm)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);

 if (!vdev->fops->mmap ||
     video_is_unregistered(vdev))
  return -ENODEV;
 return vdev->fops->mmap(filp, vm);
}

/* Override for the open function */
static int v4l2_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
 struct video_device *vdev;
 int ret = 0;

 /* Check if the video device is available */
 mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
 vdev = video_devdata(filp);
 /* return ENODEV if the video device has been removed
    already or if it is not registered anymore. */
 if (vdev == NULL || video_is_unregistered(vdev)) {
  mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
  return -ENODEV;
 }
 /* and increase the device refcount */
 video_get(vdev);
 mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
 if (vdev->fops->open)
  ret = vdev->fops->open(filp);

 /* decrease the refcount in case of an error */
 if (ret)
  video_put(vdev);
 return ret;
}

/* Override for the release function */
static int v4l2_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
 struct video_device *vdev = video_devdata(filp);
 int ret = 0;

 if (vdev->fops->release)
  vdev->fops->release(filp);

 /* decrease the refcount unconditionally since the release()
    return value is ignored. */
 video_put(vdev);
 return ret;
}

6、添充v4l2的字符设备操作集file_operations
下边两个字符设备操作函数集就ioctl处理不同，在注册的时候根据实际video device的ioctl接口选在相应的操作集。

static const struct file_operations v4l2_unlocked_fops = {
 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
 .read = v4l2_read,
 .write = v4l2_write,
 .open = v4l2_open,
 .get_unmapped_area = v4l2_get_unmapped_area,
 .mmap = v4l2_mmap,
 .unlocked_ioctl = v4l2_unlocked_ioctl,
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
 .compat_ioctl = v4l2_compat_ioctl32,
#endif
 .release = v4l2_release,
 .poll = v4l2_poll,
 .llseek = no_llseek,
};

static const struct file_operations v4l2_fops = {
 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
 .read = v4l2_read,
 .write = v4l2_write,
 .open = v4l2_open,
 .get_unmapped_area = v4l2_get_unmapped_area,
 .mmap = v4l2_mmap,
 .ioctl = v4l2_ioctl,
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
 .compat_ioctl = v4l2_compat_ioctl32,
#endif
 .release = v4l2_release,
 .poll = v4l2_poll,
 .llseek = no_llseek,
};

/**
 * get_index - assign stream index number based on parent device依据父设备分配流索引号
 * @vdev: video_device to assign index number to, vdev->parent should be assigned
 * Note that when this is called the new device has not yet been registered
 * in the video_device array, but it was able to obtain a minor number.
 *
 * This means that we can always obtain a free stream index number since
 * the worst case scenario is that there are VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES - 1 slots in
 * use of the video_device array.
 * Returns a free index number.
 */
static int get_index(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 //This can be static since this function is called with the global videodev_lock held.
有256个索引，并且每个索引占一个bit，用下边的宏声明一个long型的数组来表示这256个索引 
 static DECLARE_BITMAP(used, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);//定义一个数组
 int i;

 /* Some drivers do not set the parent. In that case always return 0. */
 if (vdev->parent == NULL)
  return 0;
 bitmap_zero(used, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);//清空这个索引数组
 for (i = 0; i < VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES; i++) {
  if (video_device[i] != NULL &&
      video_device[i]->parent == vdev->parent) {
   set_bit(video_device[i]->index, used);//如果该设备有父设备，那么将从used地址开始第index的位值1
  }
 }

 return find_first_zero_bit(used, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);//返回第一个没用的索引号
}

7、注册video device :video_register_device

/**
 * video_register_device - register video4linux devices
 * @vdev: video device structure we want to register
 * @type: type of device to register
 * @nr:   which device node number (0 == /dev/video0, 1 == /dev/video1, ...
 *             -1 == first free)
 * @warn_if_nr_in_use: warn if the desired device node number
 *        was already in use and another number was chosen instead.
 *
 * The registration code assigns minor numbers and device node numbers
 * based on the requested type and registers the new device node with
 * the kernel.
 * An error is returned if no free minor or device node number could be
 * found, or if the registration of the device node failed.
 *
 * Zero is returned on success.
 * Valid types are
 * %VFL_TYPE_GRABBER - A frame grabber
 * %VFL_TYPE_VTX - A teletext device
 * %VFL_TYPE_VBI - Vertical blank data (undecoded)
 * %VFL_TYPE_RADIO - A radio card
 */
static int __video_register_device(struct video_device *vdev, int type, int nr,
  int warn_if_nr_in_use)
{
 int i = 0;
 int ret;
 int minor_offset = 0;
 int minor_cnt = VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES;
 const char *name_base;
 void *priv = video_get_drvdata(vdev);

 /* A minor value of -1 marks this video device as never having been registered */
 vdev->minor = -1;
 /* the release callback MUST be present */
 WARN_ON(!vdev->release);
 if (!vdev->release)
  return -EINVAL;
3.3.1还调用了下边两句话：
 /* v4l2_fh support */
 spin_lock_init(&vdev->fh_lock);
 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vdev->fh_list);

3.3.1中没有vtx这个类型：
 /* Part 1: check device type */
1）、通过要注册video 设备的类型来设置设备的名称

 switch (type) {
 case VFL_TYPE_GRABBER:
  name_base = "video";
  break;
 case VFL_TYPE_VTX:
  name_base = "vtx";
  break;
 case VFL_TYPE_VBI:
  name_base = "vbi";
  break;
 case VFL_TYPE_RADIO:
  name_base = "radio";
  break;
 default:
  printk(KERN_ERR "%s called with unknown type: %d\n",
         __func__, type);
  return -EINVAL;
 }
//设置类型和字符设备成员
 vdev->vfl_type = type;
 vdev->cdev = NULL;
//设置父设备成员
 if (vdev->v4l2_dev && vdev->v4l2_dev->dev)
  vdev->parent = vdev->v4l2_dev->dev;

 /* Part 2: find a free minor, device node number and device index. */

2）、寻找一个未用的子设备号、设备节点和设备索引号

#ifdef CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES
 /* Keep the ranges for the first four types for historical  reasons.
  * Newer devices (not yet in place) should use the range
  * of 128-191 and just pick the first free minor there (new style). */
根据设备类型重新划分子设备号的范围
 switch (type) {
 case VFL_TYPE_GRABBER:
  minor_offset = 0;
  minor_cnt = 64;
  break;
 case VFL_TYPE_RADIO:
  minor_offset = 64;
  minor_cnt = 64;
  break;
 case VFL_TYPE_VTX:
  minor_offset = 192;
  minor_cnt = 32;
  break;
 case VFL_TYPE_VBI:
  minor_offset = 224;
  minor_cnt = 32;
  break;
 default:
  minor_offset = 128;
  minor_cnt = 64;
  break;
 }
#endif
否则用默认的
 /* Pick a device node number */
 挑选设备节点
mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
 nr = devnode_find(vdev, nr == -1 ? 0 : nr, minor_cnt);
 if (nr == minor_cnt)
  nr = devnode_find(vdev, 0, minor_cnt);
 if (nr == minor_cnt) {
  printk(KERN_ERR "could not get a free device node number\n");
  mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
  return -ENFILE;
 }
获取子设备号
#ifdef CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES
 /* 1-on-1 mapping of device node number to minor number */
 i = nr;
#else
 /* The device node number and minor numbers are independent, so
    we just find the first free minor number. */
 for (i = 0; i < VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES; i++)
  if (video_device[i] == NULL)
   break;
 if (i == VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES) {
  mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
  printk(KERN_ERR "could not get a free minor\n");
  return -ENFILE;
 }
#endif
设置设备节点和设备号
 vdev->minor = i + minor_offset;
 vdev->num = nr;
 devnode_set(vdev);
设置设备索引号
 /* Should not happen since we thought this minor was free */
 WARN_ON(video_device[vdev->minor] != NULL);
 vdev->index = get_index(vdev);
 mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);

 /* Part 3: Initialize the character device */
3）、初始化字符设备

 vdev->cdev = cdev_alloc();//分配字符设备并添加到sysfs中
 if (vdev->cdev == NULL) {
  ret = -ENOMEM;
  goto cleanup;
 }
 设置字符设备cdev的成员
 如果video device操作函数注册了unlock_ioctl，那么该字符设备的操作函数集为v4l2_unlocked_fops，否则为v4l2_fops(omap24xxcam没有unlock_ioctl)
 if (vdev->fops->unlocked_ioctl)
  vdev->cdev->ops = &v4l2_unlocked_fops;
 else
  vdev->cdev->ops = &v4l2_fops;
 vdev->cdev->owner = vdev->fops->owner;
将该字符设备添加到内核中
 ret = cdev_add(vdev->cdev, MKDEV(VIDEO_MAJOR, vdev->minor), 1);
 if (ret < 0) {
  printk(KERN_ERR "%s: cdev_add failed\n", __func__);
  kfree(vdev->cdev);
  vdev->cdev = NULL;
  goto cleanup;
 }

4）、注册设备到sysfs系统中

 /* Part 4: register the device with sysfs */
 memset(&vdev->dev, 0, sizeof(vdev->dev));
 // The memset above cleared the device's drvdata, so put back the copy we made earlier. 
 video_set_drvdata(vdev, priv);
 vdev->dev.class = &video_class;
 vdev->dev.devt = MKDEV(VIDEO_MAJOR, vdev->minor);
 if (vdev->parent)
  vdev->dev.parent = vdev->parent;
 dev_set_name(&vdev->dev, "%s%d", name_base, vdev->num);
注册device
 ret = device_register(&vdev->dev);
 if (ret < 0) {
  printk(KERN_ERR "%s: device_register failed\n", __func__);
  goto cleanup;
 }
 /* Register the release callback that will be called when the last
    reference to the device goes away. */
 vdev->dev.release = v4l2_device_release;

 if (nr != -1 && nr != vdev->num && warn_if_nr_in_use)
  printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: requested %s%d, got %s%d\n",
    __func__, name_base, nr, name_base, vdev->num);

5）、更新video device注册列表

 /* Part 5: Activate this minor. The char device can now be used. */
 mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
 video_device[vdev->minor] = vdev;//将新注册的video device设备添加到video_device[]中
 mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
 return 0;

cleanup:
 mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
 if (vdev->cdev)
  cdev_del(vdev->cdev);
 devnode_clear(vdev);
 mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
 /* Mark this video device as never having been registered. */
 vdev->minor = -1;
 return ret;
}

3.3.1版本没有这两个函数
上边注册函数的两个变种

int video_register_device(struct video_device *vdev, int type, int nr)
{
 return __video_register_device(vdev, type, nr, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_register_device);

int video_register_device_no_warn(struct video_device *vdev, int type, int nr)
{
 return __video_register_device(vdev, type, nr, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_register_device_no_warn);

8、注消video device

/**
 * video_unregister_device - unregister a video4linux device
 * @vdev: the device to unregister
 * This unregisters the passed device. Future open calls will be met with errors.
 */
void video_unregister_device(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 /* Check if vdev was ever registered at all */
 if (!vdev || vdev->minor < 0)
  return;

 mutex_lock(&videodev_lock);
//这个标记用于ops操作中检测该设备是否已经注销的依据
 set_bit(V4L2_FL_UNREGISTERED, &vdev->flags);
 mutex_unlock(&videodev_lock);
 device_unregister(&vdev->dev);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(video_unregister_device);

9、注册注消该字符设备

// Initialise video for linux

static int __init videodev_init(void)
{
 dev_t dev = MKDEV(VIDEO_MAJOR, 0);//设备号
 int ret;

 printk(KERN_INFO "Linux video capture interface: v2.00\n");
注册该video device 字符设备到内核
 ret = register_chrdev_region(dev, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES, VIDEO_NAME);
 if (ret < 0) {
  printk(KERN_WARNING "videodev: unable to get major %d\n",
    VIDEO_MAJOR);
  return ret;
 }

注册该设备的类到内核(sysfs操作)

 ret = class_register(&video_class);
 if (ret < 0) {
  unregister_chrdev_region(dev, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);
  printk(KERN_WARNING "video_dev: class_register failed\n");
  return -EIO;
 }

 return 0;
}

static void __exit videodev_exit(void)
{
 dev_t dev = MKDEV(VIDEO_MAJOR, 0);

 class_unregister(&video_class);
 unregister_chrdev_region(dev, VIDEO_NUM_DEVICES);
}

module_init(videodev_init)
module_exit(videodev_exit

)

10、.h函数中的内联函数
获取video_device设备驱动数据

static inline void *video_get_drvdata(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 return dev_get_drvdata(&vdev->dev);
}

设置video_device设备驱动数据

static inline void video_set_drvdata(struct video_device *vdev, void *data)
{
 dev_set_drvdata(&vdev->dev, data);
}

/* Combine video_get_drvdata and video_devdata as this is used very often. */
通过设备文件获取设备驱动数据

static inline void *video_drvdata(struct file *file)
{
 return video_get_drvdata(video_devdata(file));
}

判断该设备是否被注销

static inline int video_is_unregistered(struct video_device *vdev)
{
 return test_bit(V4L2_FL_UNREGISTERED, &vdev->flags);
}