[Docker] Dockerfile 记录

Dockerfile 记录

Author: Xin Pan

Date: 2022.10.05

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Dockerfile是用于构建docker镜像的文件。它是一个命令参数脚本。

基础知识

1. 保留关键字都是大写字母；
2. 从上到下执行；
3. 每行指令都是一个层（layer）；
4. 注释用#开头。

Dockerfile指令

FROOM  			# 从基础镜像构建
MAINTAINER 	# 镜像谁维护的
RUN					# 镜像构建时运行的命令
ADD					# 将文件添加进容器，而且可以自动解压
COPY				# 类似ADD，将文件拷贝到容器
WORKDIR			# 和cd 一样
VOLUME			# 挂载的目录位置
EXPOSE			# 指定暴露端口和 -p  一样
CMD					# 指定容器运行的时候运行的指令，只有最后一个生效，而且被替代
ENTRYPOINT	# 指定容器运行的时候运行的指令，会去追加命令
ONBUILD			# 当构建一个被继承Dockerfile会运行ONBUILD的指令。是触发指令。
ENV					# 设置环境变量 -e 一样的。

可以通过docker history <image_id> 列出本地镜像进行的变更历史。

区分CMD和ENTRYPOINT

首先CMD命令

我的dockerfile很简单

FROM centos

CMD ["ls","-a"]

下边是运行结果

panxin@ubuntu-gtx3080:~/docker2$ docker build -f dockerfile .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 9a1ddaf46855
Removing intermediate container 9a1ddaf46855
 ---> d232c56b9b9d
Successfully built d232c56b9b9d
panxin@ubuntu-gtx3080:~/docker2$ docker run -it d232c56b9b9d
.  ..  .dockerenv  bin	dev  etc  home	lib  lib64  lost+found	media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin	srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
panxin@ubuntu-gtx3080:~/docker2$ docker run -it d232c56b9b9d -l
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to create shim: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled
panxin@ubuntu-gtx3080:~/docker2$ docker run -it d232c56b9b9d ls -la
total 56
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Oct  5 09:21 .
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Oct  5 09:21 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root    0 Oct  5 09:21 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  360 Oct  5 09:21 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Oct  5 09:21 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 693 root root    0 Oct  5 09:21 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Oct  5 09:21 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 var

也就是这里的-l替换了dockerfile里边的CMD ["ls","-a"]这个命令，所以会报那个错误。

测试ENTRYPOINT

这里的dockerfile_entry包含下边内容

FROM centos

ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]

它运行的结果就是下边所示。

panxin@ubuntu-gtx3080:~/docker2$ docker build -f dockerfile_entry  -t entrypoint .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 24678f09322a
Removing intermediate container 24678f09322a
 ---> c44b1733b2bf
Successfully built c44b1733b2bf
Successfully tagged entrypoint:latest
panxin@ubuntu-gtx3080:~/docker2$ docker run c44b1733b2bf
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
panxin@ubuntu-gtx3080:~/docker2$ docker run c44b1733b2bf -l
total 56
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Oct  5 09:29 .
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Oct  5 09:29 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root    0 Oct  5 09:29 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  340 Oct  5 09:29 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Oct  5 09:29 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 677 root root    0 Oct  5 09:29 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Oct  5 09:29 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 var

可以看出追加命令是直接拼接在ENTRYPOINT命令后边的。

和CMD的区别就是在这里。

改镜像版本和名字

docker tag <image_id> <new/image_name>:<version>

就可以了。

总结课程的知识。这个图来自视频，我觉得画的很好。

Ref

1. 想看原视频点这里，狂神讲的不错的