编译器架构的LLVM IR 1st Day（分解struct）

IR分层
Module–》Function–》BasicBlock–》Instruction

Tips：
1、所有的instruction都是在Function之内，以%开头。metadata不属于instruction，struct的variable name只存在于debug model下，需从metadata中提取。

2、getelementptr是constantExpr的subclass，constantExpr是constant的subclass，由于constant都是instruction的参数，对其进行操作时，必先进行get，然后if (llvm::isa<llvm::ConstantExpr>(ptr)) 判断它是否为ConstantExpr类型

3、一般来说，llvm::Value* ptr = instr->getOperand(0);得到一个value（ps万姐说IR一切皆value），不断判断，对其向下转换具体类型if (llvm::isa<llvm::ConstantExpr>(ptr)) llvm::ConstantExpr* constExpr = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::ConstantExpr>(ptr);，不可以随意转为value的随意子类。为什么要向下转换呢？是因为不同参数类型的成员函数不一样。当当前参数类型为ConstantExpr，那么可以直接将其转为value，或者不变调用其父类成员函数。

4、对于如何用LLVM编写自己的功能函数，（工作只用到IR中函数），要熟悉IR中的不同文件中可能包含自己能调用的函数，例如对instruction操作，就先进入instruction.h或者instructions.h进行查找，找不到再看父类或者子类。当找到自己需要调用的函数时，例如我需要创建一个GlobalVariable时，需要知道GlobalVariable是在module下的GlobalList中的，但是module.h没有对应create函数，在IR目录的GlobalVariable.h中可new GlobalVariable，（PS在IRbuilder.h中含有大量create函数，可以借鉴），

/// GlobalVariable ctor - If a parent module is specified, the global is /// automatically inserted into the end of the specified modules global list. GlobalVariable(Type *Ty, bool isConstant, LinkageTypes Linkage, Constant *Initializer = nullptr, const Twine &Name = "", ThreadLocalMode = NotThreadLocal, unsigned AddressSpace = 0, bool isExternallyInitialized = false); /// GlobalVariable ctor - This creates a global and inserts it before the /// specified other global. GlobalVariable(Module &M, Type *Ty, bool isConstant, LinkageTypes Linkage, Constant *Initializer, const Twine &Name = "", GlobalVariable *InsertBefore = nullptr, ThreadLocalMode = NotThreadLocal, unsigned AddressSpace = 0, bool isExternallyInitialized = false);
仔细阅读其所需要的变量信息和使用注释，一般为了更好的理解，还需要到GlobalVariable.cpp中查找完整的函数内容。
这是我自己创建example of GlobalVariable：GlobalVariable * gvar_new = new GlobalVariable(*module_, vir_op->getType(), false, GlobalValue::InternalLinkage, init, "i", gv);的

示例code
以下code是我吃进去一个bc文件，对其instruction遍历，提取相关信息的简单操作。目标将读取的GlobalVariable存进set中。

std::set<llvm::GlobalVariable *> global_vars;
	// in runOnModule. We simple iterate function list and dispatch functions to handlers
	for (Module::iterator f = module_->begin(), FE = module_->end(); f != FE; ++f) {
		Function &F = *f;
		for (Function::iterator b = F.begin(); b != F.end(); ++b) {
			llvm::BasicBlock &bb = *b;
			for (llvm::BasicBlock::iterator i = bb.begin(); i != bb.end(); ++i) {
				llvm::Instruction* instr = &*i;
				outs() << instr->getName() << "    " << instr->getOpcode() << "\n";
				int operand_num = instr->getNumOperands();
				outs() << "total " << operand_num << " numbers" << "\n";
				for (int i = 0; i < operand_num; ++i) {
					outs() << i + 1 << "  number is " << *instr->getOperand(i) << "\n";
				}
				outs() << "IR :" << *instr << "\n\n";

				// Aim to change expression into constExpr to get address of struct element
				llvm::Value* ptr = instr->getOperand(0);
				if (llvm::isa<llvm::ConstantExpr>(ptr)) {
					llvm::ConstantExpr* constExpr = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::ConstantExpr>(ptr);
					int Expr_num = constExpr->getNumOperands();
					outs() << "Expr_num :" << Expr_num << "\n";
					llvm::Value* op0 = constExpr->getOperand(0);
					llvm::Value* op1 = constExpr->getOperand(1);
					llvm::Value* op2 = constExpr->getOperand(2);
					outs() << "op0 of const expr :" << *op0 << "\n";
					outs() << "op1 of const expr :" << *op1 << "\n";
					outs() << "op2 of const expr :" << *op2 << "\n";


					if (llvm::isa<llvm::GlobalVariable>(op0)) {
						llvm::GlobalVariable* global_variable = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::GlobalVariable>(op0);

						global_vars.insert(global_variable);
						//llvm::Constant* global_var_init = global_variable->getInitializer();
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	getgGlobalVar(global_vars);
}