将Maven工程打包成可执行JAR包的方法

如果项目中有需要后台执行的任务，但是主要的逻辑都在Java代码中，那么我采用的方式是单独建立一个maven模块打成jar包，然后在linux后台通过命令执行Jar包的Main函数：

Shell

java -classpath backtask.jar "net.crazyant.RunWebService"

1	java - classpath backtask .jar "net.crazyant.RunWebService"

于是就有个前提，得将maven模块打包成jar包，原本很简单的事情，却出现了很多问题。

原始打包方式：使用maven-assembly-plugin

POM配置片段为：

XHTML

<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2.1</version> <configuration> <finalName>mdm-v3-backtasks</finalName> <descriptorRefs> <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef> </descriptorRefs> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>

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<build>      <plugins>          <plugin>              <groupId> org.apache.maven.plugins </groupId>              <artifactId> maven-jar-plugin </artifactId>          </plugin>             <plugin>              <artifactId> maven-assembly-plugin </artifactId>              <version> 2.2.1 </version>              <configuration>                  <finalName> mdm-v3-backtasks </finalName>                  <descriptorRefs>                      <descriptorRef> jar-with-dependencies </descriptorRef>                  </descriptorRefs>              </configuration>              <executions>                  <execution>                      <phase> package </phase>                      <goals>                          <goal> single </goal>                      </goals>                  </execution>              </executions>          </plugin>          <plugin>              <groupId> org.apache.maven.plugins </groupId>              <artifactId> maven-resources-plugin </artifactId>              <version> 2.6 </version>              <configuration>                  <encoding> UTF-8 </encoding>              </configuration>          </plugin>      </plugins> </build>

这种打包方式，可以生成/target/mdm-v3-backtasks-1.0.0.2.jar的Jar包，在有些工程中是没有问题的，但是我的新工程打包后，却在运行时出现了如下问题：

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [http://www.springframework.org/schema/context] Offending resource: class path resource [applicationContext-backtasks.xml] at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.FailFastProblemReporter.error(FailFastProblemReporter.java:68) at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderContext.java:85) at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderContext.java:80) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.error(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:318) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1435) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1428) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:195) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.doRegisterBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:139) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:108) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:493) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:390) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:334) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:243) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:127) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:93) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:130) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:537) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:451) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)

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Exception in thread "main" org . springframework . beans . factory . parsing . BeanDefinitionParsingException : Configuration problem : Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [ http : //www.springframework.org/schema/context] Offending resource : class path resource [ applicationContext - backtasks . xml ]            at org . springframework . beans . factory . parsing . FailFastProblemReporter . error ( FailFastProblemReporter . java : 68 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . parsing . ReaderContext . error ( ReaderContext . java : 85 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . parsing . ReaderContext . error ( ReaderContext . java : 80 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . error ( BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . java : 318 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . parseCustomElement ( BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . java : 1435 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . parseCustomElement ( BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . java : 1428 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . parseBeanDefinitions ( DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . java : 195 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . doRegisterBeanDefinitions ( DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . java : 139 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . registerBeanDefinitions ( DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . java : 108 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . XmlBeanDefinitionReader . registerBeanDefinitions ( XmlBeanDefinitionReader . java : 493 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . XmlBeanDefinitionReader . doLoadBeanDefinitions ( XmlBeanDefinitionReader . java : 390 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . XmlBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( XmlBeanDefinitionReader . java : 334 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . XmlBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( XmlBeanDefinitionReader . java : 302 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . support . AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . java : 174 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . support . AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . java : 209 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . support . AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . java : 180 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . support . AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . java : 243 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractXmlApplicationContext . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractXmlApplicationContext . java : 127 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractXmlApplicationContext . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractXmlApplicationContext . java : 93 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext . refreshBeanFactory ( AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext . java : 130 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractApplicationContext . obtainFreshBeanFactory ( AbstractApplicationContext . java : 537 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractApplicationContext . refresh ( AbstractApplicationContext . java : 451 )          at org . springframework . context . support . ClassPathXmlApplicationContext . < init > ( ClassPathXmlApplicationContext . java : 139 )          at org . springframework . context . support . ClassPathXmlApplicationContext . < init > ( ClassPathXmlApplicationContext . java : 83 )

网上搜了很多文章，发现首先大家都支持的，是maven-assembly-plugin插件，替换成maven-shade-plugin插件。

但是替换成maven-shade-plugin之后，仍然遇到了很多问题：

使用maven-shade-plugin逐步解决问题

使用maven-shade-plugin插件，并没有一下子就把问题解决了，也经过了很多步骤：

1、修改spring.xml的schema编写方式

原始的声明是这样的：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns : xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns : context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      xsi : schemaLocation = "             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd" >

作如下修改，把xsd的版本加上：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns : xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns : context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      xsi : schemaLocation = "             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd" >

2、引入maven-shade-plugin插件的打包方式遇到的问题

将原来的maven-assembly-plugin替换成新的打包方式：

<build> <finalName>mdm-v3-backtasks</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4.2</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>shade</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>

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< build > < finalName > mdm - v3 - backtasks < / finalName > < plugins > < plugin > < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId > < artifactId > maven - jar - plugin < / artifactId > < / plugin > < plugin > < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId > < artifactId > maven - shade - plugin < / artifactId > < version > 2.4.2 < / version > < executions > < execution > < phase > package < / phase > < goals > < goal > shade < / goal > < / goals > < / execution > < / executions > < / plugin > < plugin > < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId > < artifactId > maven - resources - plugin < / artifactId > < version > 2.6 < / version > < configuration > < encoding > UTF - 8 < / encoding > < / configuration > < / plugin > < / plugins > < / build >

然后就报了下面的错：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.SecurityException: Invalid signature file digest for Manifest main attributes at sun.security.util.SignatureFileVerifier.processImpl(SignatureFileVerifier.java:286) at sun.security.util.SignatureFileVerifier.process(SignatureFileVerifier.java:239) at java.util.jar.JarVerifier.processEntry(JarVerifier.java:317) at java.util.jar.JarVerifier.update(JarVerifier.java:228) at java.util.jar.JarFile.initializeVerifier(JarFile.java:348) at java.util.jar.JarFile.getInputStream(JarFile.java:415) at sun.misc.URLClassPath$JarLoader$2.getInputStream(URLClassPath.java:775) at sun.misc.Resource.cachedInputStream(Resource.java:77) at sun.misc.Resource.getByteBuffer(Resource.java:160) at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:436) at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:71) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:361) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358) at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.checkAndLoadMain(LauncherHelper.java:482)

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Exception in thread "main" java . lang . SecurityException : Invalid signature file digest for Manifest main attributes          at sun . security . util . SignatureFileVerifier . processImpl ( SignatureFileVerifier . java : 286 )          at sun . security . util . SignatureFileVerifier . process ( SignatureFileVerifier . java : 239 )          at java . util . jar . JarVerifier . processEntry ( JarVerifier . java : 317 )          at java . util . jar . JarVerifier . update ( JarVerifier . java : 228 )          at java . util . jar . JarFile . initializeVerifier ( JarFile . java : 348 )          at java . util . jar . JarFile . getInputStream ( JarFile . java : 415 )          at sun . misc . URLClassPath $ JarLoader $ 2.getInputStream ( URLClassPath . java : 775 )          at sun . misc . Resource . cachedInputStream ( Resource . java : 77 )          at sun . misc . Resource . getByteBuffer ( Resource . java : 160 )          at java . net . URLClassLoader . defineClass ( URLClassLoader . java : 436 )          at java . net . URLClassLoader . access $ 100 ( URLClassLoader . java : 71 )          at java . net . URLClassLoader $ 1.run ( URLClassLoader . java : 361 )          at java . net . URLClassLoader $ 1.run ( URLClassLoader . java : 355 )          at java . security . AccessController . doPrivileged ( Native Method )          at java . net . URLClassLoader . findClass ( URLClassLoader . java : 354 )          at java . lang . ClassLoader . loadClass ( ClassLoader . java : 425 )          at sun . misc . Launcher $ AppClassLoader . loadClass ( Launcher . java : 308 )          at java . lang . ClassLoader . loadClass ( ClassLoader . java : 358 )          at sun . launcher . LauncherHelper . checkAndLoadMain ( LauncherHelper . java : 482 )

在http://zhentao-li.blogspot.com/2012/06/maven-shade-plugin-invalid-signature.html找到了解决方法：

You need to add the following to pom.xml: <configuration> <filters> <filter> <artifact>*:*</artifact> <excludes> <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude> <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude> <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude> </excludes> </filter> </filters> </configuration>

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You need to add the following to pom . xml :            < configuration >            < filters >              < filter >                < artifact > * : * < / artifact >                < excludes >                  < exclude > META - INF / * . SF < / exclude >                  < exclude > META - INF / * . DSA < / exclude >                  < exclude > META - INF / * . RSA < / exclude >                < / excludes >              < / filter >            < / filters >          < / configuration >

于是加入以上的filter，新的POM内容为：

<build> <finalName>mdm-v3-backtasks</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4.2</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>shade</goal> </goals> <configuration> <filters> <filter> <artifact>*:*</artifact> <excludes> <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude> <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude> <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude> </excludes> </filter> </filters> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>

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< build > < finalName > mdm - v3 - backtasks < / finalName > < plugins > < plugin > < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId > < artifactId > maven - jar - plugin < / artifactId > < / plugin > < plugin > < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId > < artifactId > maven - shade - plugin < / artifactId > < version > 2.4.2 < / version > < executions > < execution > < phase > package < / phase > < goals > < goal > shade < / goal > < / goals > < configuration > < filters > < filter > < artifact > * : * < / artifact > < excludes > < exclude > META - INF / * . SF < / exclude > < exclude > META - INF / * . DSA < / exclude > < exclude > META - INF / * . RSA < / exclude > < / excludes > < / filter > < / filters > < / configuration > < / execution > < / executions > < / plugin > < plugin > < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId > < artifactId > maven - resources - plugin < / artifactId > < version > 2.6 < / version > < configuration > < encoding > UTF - 8 < / encoding > < / configuration > < / plugin > < / plugins > < / build >

修改后提交，不幸的是，又爆出了下面的错误：

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [http://www.springframework.org/schema/context] Offending resource: class path resource [applicationContext-backtasks.xml] at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.FailFastProblemReporter.error(FailFastProblemReporter.java:68) at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderContext.java:85) at org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderContext.error(ReaderContext.java:80) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.error(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:318) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1435) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.parseCustomElement(BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.java:1428) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.parseBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:195) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.doRegisterBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:139) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:108) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.registerBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:493) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:390) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:334) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:243) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:127) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:93) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:130) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:537) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:451) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)

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Exception in thread "main" org . springframework . beans . factory . parsing . BeanDefinitionParsingException : Configuration problem : Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [ http : //www.springframework.org/schema/context] Offending resource : class path resource [ applicationContext - backtasks . xml ]            at org . springframework . beans . factory . parsing . FailFastProblemReporter . error ( FailFastProblemReporter . java : 68 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . parsing . ReaderContext . error ( ReaderContext . java : 85 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . parsing . ReaderContext . error ( ReaderContext . java : 80 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . error ( BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . java : 318 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . parseCustomElement ( BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . java : 1435 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . parseCustomElement ( BeanDefinitionParserDelegate . java : 1428 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . parseBeanDefinitions ( DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . java : 195 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . doRegisterBeanDefinitions ( DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . java : 139 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . registerBeanDefinitions ( DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader . java : 108 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . XmlBeanDefinitionReader . registerBeanDefinitions ( XmlBeanDefinitionReader . java : 493 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . XmlBeanDefinitionReader . doLoadBeanDefinitions ( XmlBeanDefinitionReader . java : 390 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . XmlBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( XmlBeanDefinitionReader . java : 334 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . XmlBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( XmlBeanDefinitionReader . java : 302 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . support . AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . java : 174 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . support . AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . java : 209 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . support . AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . java : 180 )          at org . springframework . beans . factory . support . AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractBeanDefinitionReader . java : 243 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractXmlApplicationContext . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractXmlApplicationContext . java : 127 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractXmlApplicationContext . loadBeanDefinitions ( AbstractXmlApplicationContext . java : 93 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext . refreshBeanFactory ( AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext . java : 130 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractApplicationContext . obtainFreshBeanFactory ( AbstractApplicationContext . java : 537 )          at org . springframework . context . support . AbstractApplicationContext . refresh ( AbstractApplicationContext . java : 451 )          at org . springframework . context . support . ClassPathXmlApplicationContext . < init > ( ClassPathXmlApplicationContext . java : 139 )          at org . springframework . context . support . ClassPathXmlApplicationContext . < init > ( ClassPathXmlApplicationContext . java : 83 )

最后在http://robert-reiz.com/2011/11/14/832/页面找到了答案：

这是因为项目中包含了很多的Spring Jar，不同的Spring Jar会有相同的文件名称，他们相互冲突，为了避免元数据文件的相互覆盖，应该合并他们，如果使用maven shade plugin的话，可以在POM中加上下面的信息来解决：

<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource> </transformer> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource> </transformer>

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< transformer implementation = "org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer" >    < resource > META - INF / spring . handlers < / resource > < / transformer > < transformer implementation = "org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer" >    < resource > META - INF / spring . schemas < / resource > < / transformer >

对该问题，官方的解释位于：http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/examples/resource-transformers.html

在“Merging Content of Specific Files with AppendingTransformer and XmlAppendingTransformer”小节，解释为：

很多的JAR包含了相同的文件名称，为了避免相互覆盖，可以将他们合并到单个文件中。一个很好的例子，就是spring-context包和plexus-spring包，他俩都有META-INF/spring.handlers文件，这个文件被Spring用来处理XML Schema namespaces，通过如下所示的merge方法，可以解决这个问题

1	很多的 JAR包含了相同的文件名称，为了避免相互覆盖，可以将他们合并到单个文件中。一个很好的例子，就是 spring - context包和 plexus - spring包，他俩都有 META - INF / spring . handlers文件，这个文件被 Spring用来处理 XML Schema namespaces，通过如下所示的 merge方法，可以解决这个问题

问题终于找到了，原来在这里，看下官方贴出来的POM：

<project> ... <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4.2</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>shade</goal> </goals> <configuration> <transformers> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource> </transformer> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource> </transformer> </transformers> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> ... </project>

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< project >    . . .    < build >      < plugins >        < plugin >          < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId >          < artifactId > maven - shade - plugin < / artifactId >          < version > 2.4.2 < / version >          < executions >            < execution >              < phase > package < / phase >              < goals >                < goal > shade < / goal >              < / goals >              < configuration >                < transformers >                  < transformer implementation = "org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer" >                    < resource > META - INF / spring . handlers < / resource >                  < / transformer >                  < transformer implementation = "org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer" >                    < resource > META - INF / spring . schemas < / resource >                  < / transformer >                < / transformers >              < / configuration >            < / execution >          < / executions >        < / plugin >      < / plugins >    < / build >    . . . < / project >

最终的解决方案

最终的POM文件如下所示：

<build> <finalName>mdm-v3-backtasks</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4.2</version> <executions> <execution> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>shade</goal> </goals> <configuration> <transformers> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource> </transformer> <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer"> <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource> </transformer> </transformers> <filters> <filter> <artifact>*:*</artifact> <excludes> <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude> <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude> <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude> </excludes> </filter> </filters> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>

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< build > < finalName > mdm - v3 - backtasks < / finalName > < plugins > < plugin > < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId > < artifactId > maven - jar - plugin < / artifactId > < / plugin > < plugin > < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId > < artifactId > maven - shade - plugin < / artifactId > < version > 2.4.2 < / version > < executions > < execution > < phase > package < / phase > < goals > < goal > shade < / goal > < / goals > < configuration > < transformers > < transformer implementation = "org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer" > < resource > META - INF / spring . handlers < / resource > < / transformer > < transformer implementation = "org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer" > < resource > META - INF / spring . schemas < / resource > < / transformer > < / transformers > < filters > < filter > < artifact > * : * < / artifact > < excludes > < exclude > META - INF / * . SF < / exclude > < exclude > META - INF / * . DSA < / exclude > < exclude > META - INF / * . RSA < / exclude > < / excludes > < / filter > < / filters > < / configuration > < / execution > < / executions > < / plugin > < plugin > < groupId > org . apache . maven . plugins < / groupId > < artifactId > maven - resources - plugin < / artifactId > < version > 2.6 < / version > < configuration > < encoding > UTF - 8 < / encoding > < / configuration > < / plugin > < / plugins > < / build >

使用本POM配置，打包、运行均成功没有出错。

参考链接：

官方：http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/examples/resource-transformers.html

安全问题：http://zhentao-li.blogspot.com/2012/06/maven-shade-plugin-invalid-signature.html

Context问题：http://robert-reiz.com/2011/11/14/832/

 

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