设计模式系列（五）原型模式

一：基本原理

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F

摘自维基百科：

原型模式是创建型模式的一种，其特点在于通过「复制」一个已经存在的实例来返回新的实例,而不是新建实例。

被复制的实例就是我们所称的「原型」，这个原型是可定制的

原型模式多用于创建复杂的或者耗时的实例，因为这种情况下，复制一个已经存在的实例使程序运行更高效；或者创建值相等，只是命名不一样的同类数据

原型模式角色：

1.客户（client）  客户类提出创建对象的请求。

2.抽象原型（Prototype）(在java中有现成的Cloneable接口)

3.具体原型（Concrete Prototype） 被复制的对象

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原型模式有两种表现形式：（1）简单形式、（2）登记形式，这两种表现形式仅仅是原型模式的不同实现

 

二：clone方法

看下Object的clone方法

/**
     * Creates and returns a copy of this object.  The precise meaning
     * of "copy" may depend on the class of the object. The general
     * intent is that, for any object {@code x}, the expression:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * x.clone() != x</pre></blockquote>
     * will be true, and that the expression:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</pre></blockquote>
     * will be {@code true}, but these are not absolute requirements.
     * While it is typically the case that:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * x.clone().equals(x)</pre></blockquote>
     * will be {@code true}, this is not an absolute requirement.
     * <p>
     * By convention, the returned object should be obtained by calling
     * {@code super.clone}.  If a class and all of its superclasses (except
     * {@code Object}) obey this convention, it will be the case that
     * {@code x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()}.
     * <p>
     * By convention, the object returned by this method should be independent
     * of this object (which is being cloned).  To achieve this independence,
     * it may be necessary to modify one or more fields of the object returned
     * by {@code super.clone} before returning it.  Typically, this means
     * copying any mutable objects that comprise the internal "deep structure"
     * of the object being cloned and replacing the references to these
     * objects with references to the copies.  If a class contains only
     * primitive fields or references to immutable objects, then it is usually
     * the case that no fields in the object returned by {@code super.clone}
     * need to be modified.
     * <p>
     * The method {@code clone} for class {@code Object} performs a
     * specific cloning operation. First, if the class of this object does
     * not implement the interface {@code Cloneable}, then a
     * {@code CloneNotSupportedException} is thrown. Note that all arrays
     * are considered to implement the interface {@code Cloneable} and that
     * the return type of the {@code clone} method of an array type {@code T[]}
     * is {@code T[]} where T is any reference or primitive type.
     * Otherwise, this method creates a new instance of the class of this
     * object and initializes all its fields with exactly the contents of
     * the corresponding fields of this object, as if by assignment; the
     * contents of the fields are not themselves cloned. Thus, this method
     * performs a "shallow copy" of this object, not a "deep copy" operation.
     * <p>
     * The class {@code Object} does not itself implement the interface
     * {@code Cloneable}, so calling the {@code clone} method on an object
     * whose class is {@code Object} will result in throwing an
     * exception at run time.
     *
     * @return     a clone of this instance.
     * @throws  CloneNotSupportedException  if the object's class does not
     *               support the {@code Cloneable} interface. Subclasses
     *               that override the {@code clone} method can also
     *               throw this exception to indicate that an instance cannot
     *               be cloned.
     * @see java.lang.Cloneable
     */
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        if (!(this instanceof Cloneable)) {
            throw new CloneNotSupportedException("Class " + getClass().getName() +
                                                 " doesn't implement Cloneable");
        }

        return internalClone();
    }

最后的实现时在native中

 /*
     * Native helper method for cloning.
     */
    @FastNative
    private native Object internalClone();

注意系统默认的clone方法对于基本数据类型是可以拷贝过来的，对于应用类型，拷贝的其实是引用地址，所以这种的话要自定义一下拷贝过程。

 

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/article/details/73730717