如何转化if...else或者switch...case为多态的设计，便于代码维护

在此之前先请熟悉面向对象编程的主要特点之一：多态

//多态的优点：
// * 代码组织结构清晰
// * 可读性强
// * 利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护
/*

//多态分为两类：
//* 静态多态: 函数重载 和 运算符重载属于静态多态，复用函数名
//* 动态多态: 派生类和虚函数实现运行时多态
//静态多态和动态多态区别：
//* 静态多态的函数地址早绑定  -  编译阶段确定函数地址
//* 动态多态的函数地址晚绑定  -  运行阶段确定函数地址

  以计算器的加减乘除为例，将运算符的判断转化为多态的方式，采用c++编程实现，java一样。

1.普通的实现方式如下：

//普通实现
class Calculator {
public:
	int getResult(string oper)
	{
		if (oper == "+") {
			return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
		}
		else if (oper == "-") {
			return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
		}
		else if (oper == "*") {
			return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
		}
		//如果要提供新的运算，需要修改源码
	}
public:
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};

void test01()
{
	//普通实现测试
	Calculator c;
	c.m_Num1 = 10;
	c.m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " + " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("+") << endl;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " - " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("-") << endl;
	cout << c.m_Num1 << " * " << c.m_Num2 << " = " << c.getResult("*") << endl;
}

2.多态的实现方式：

//多态实现
//抽象计算器类
//多态优点：代码组织结构清晰，可读性强，利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护
class AbstractCalculator
{
public :
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return 0;
	}
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};

//加法计算器
class AddCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
	}
};

//减法计算器
class SubCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
	}
};

//乘法计算器
class MulCalculator :public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
	}
};


void test02()
{
	//创建加法计算器
	AbstractCalculator *abc = new AddCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " + " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;  //用完了记得销毁

	//创建减法计算器
	abc = new SubCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " - " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;

	//创建乘法计算器
	abc = new MulCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << " * " << abc->m_Num2 << " = " << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;
}

int main() {
//	test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

总结：

利用多态设计程序架构，优点：

• 代码组织结构清晰

• 可读性强

• 利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护