关于Ubuntu的使用

关于Ubuntu的使用

一、多版本java共存问题

我使用jdk8， jdk11， jdk17的共存问题

• 下载jdk包

• 关于jdk里没有jre，用以下命令创建

  sudo bin/jlink --module-path jmods --add-modules java.desktop --output jre 
  

• 解压到/usr/local/java/里

• 配置~/.bashrc添加变量设置别名

  gedit ~/.bashrc
  

• 最后添加以下内容

  # JAVA_ENV
  # jdk-8
  export JAVA8_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk-8
  # jdk-11
  export JAVA11_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk-11
  # jdk-17
  export JAVA17_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk-17
  # JAVA_HOME
  export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA11_HOME}
  export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
  export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib:${CLASSPATH}
  export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JRE_HOME}/bin:$PATH
  # java_alias
  alias jdk8='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA8_HOME && export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre && export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH && export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH'
  alias jdk11='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA11_HOME && export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre && export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH && export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH'
  alias jdk17='export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA17_HOME && export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre && export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH && export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH'
  

• 激活变量、别名

  source ~/.bashrc
  

二、禁用nouveau、禁用蜂鸣器

• 编辑blacklist.conf

  sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
  

• 在最后加上pcspkr、pcspkr

  blacklist pcspkr
  blacklist nouveau
  

• 使文件生效

  sudo update-initramfs -u 
  

• 重启

三、关于安装英伟达显卡驱动

• 卸载原有的NVIDIA驱动

  sudo apt-get remove –purge nvidia*
  

• 禁用nouveau

• 重启

• 检查nouveau是否成功禁用

  lsmod | grep nouveau
  
  #没有输出禁用成功
  

• 安装NVIDIA驱动（CUDA Toolkit）

  wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64/cuda-ubuntu2004.pin
  sudo mv cuda-ubuntu2004.pin /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
  wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.5.0/local_installers/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-5-local_11.5.0-495.29.05-1_amd64.deb
  sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-5-local_11.5.0-495.29.05-1_amd64.deb
  sudo apt-key add /var/cuda-repo-ubuntu2004-11-5-local/7fa2af80.pub
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get -y install cuda
  

• 编辑配置文件~/.bashrc添加变量

  gedit ~/.bashrc
  
  # 在最后添加
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda/lib64
  export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda/bin
  export CUDA_HOME=$CUDA_HOME:/usr/local/cuda
  

• 激活变量

  source ~/.bashrc 
  

• 验证

  nvidia-smi
  
  # 安装成功输出显卡信息
  

  cd /usr/local/cuda/samples/1_Utilities/deviceQuery
  sudo make
  ./deviceQuery
  
  # 安装成功输出
  ./deviceQuery Starting...
  
   CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking)
  
  Detected 1 CUDA Capable device(s)
  
  Device 0: "GeForce RTX 2070 with Max-Q Design"
    CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version          11.0 / 11.0
    CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number:    7.5
    Total amount of global memory:                 7982 MBytes (8370061312 bytes)
    (36) Multiprocessors, ( 64) CUDA Cores/MP:     2304 CUDA Cores
    GPU Max Clock rate:                            1125 MHz (1.12 GHz)
    Memory Clock rate:                             5501 Mhz
    Memory Bus Width:                              256-bit
    L2 Cache Size:                                 4194304 bytes
    Maximum Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z)         1D=(131072), 2D=(131072, 65536), 3D=(16384, 16384, 16384)
    Maximum Layered 1D Texture Size, (num) layers  1D=(32768), 2048 layers
    Maximum Layered 2D Texture Size, (num) layers  2D=(32768, 32768), 2048 layers
    Total amount of constant memory:               65536 bytes
    Total amount of shared memory per block:       49152 bytes
    Total number of registers available per block: 65536
    Warp size:                                     32
    Maximum number of threads per multiprocessor:  1024
    Maximum number of threads per block:           1024
    Max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64)
    Max dimension size of a grid size    (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535)
    Maximum memory pitch:                          2147483647 bytes
    Texture alignment:                             512 bytes
    Concurrent copy and kernel execution:          Yes with 3 copy engine(s)
    Run time limit on kernels:                     Yes
    Integrated GPU sharing Host Memory:            No
    Support host page-locked memory mapping:       Yes
    Alignment requirement for Surfaces:            Yes
    Device has ECC support:                        Disabled
    Device supports Unified Addressing (UVA):      Yes
    Device supports Managed Memory:                Yes
    Device supports Compute Preemption:            Yes
    Supports Cooperative Kernel Launch:            Yes
    Supports MultiDevice Co-op Kernel Launch:      Yes
    Device PCI Domain ID / Bus ID / location ID:   0 / 1 / 0
    Compute Mode:
       < Default (multiple host threads can use ::cudaSetDevice() with device simultaneously) >
  
  deviceQuery, CUDA Driver = CUDART, CUDA Driver Version = 11.0, CUDA Runtime Version = 11.0, NumDevs = 1
  Result = PASS
  

四、关于docker安装问题

• 安装

  curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
  sh get-docker.sh
  

• 验证

  docker ersion
  

• 启动服务

  sudo systemctl start docker
  
  # 查看状态
  sudo systemctl status docker
  

• 设置开机启动

  sudo systemctl start docker
  

• 关于安装docker之后apt-get update报错：仓库 “https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal Release” 不再含有 Release

  # 修改源
  vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
  
  # 改成这个源地址
  deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic stable
  

五、关于桌面快捷方式模板

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=eclipse
Comment=Eclipse IDE
Exec=/usr/local/eclipse/eclipse 	 #根据软件的具体执行路径修改
Icon=/usr/local/eclipse/icon.xpm  	#根据软件的具体执行路径修改
Terminal=false  					#软件打开时是否启动终端
StartupNotify=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Development;

六、禁用开机检测

# 修改fstab文件
sudo vim /etc/fstab

# 把最后一列的参数都改成0