数学分析 导数的四则运算法则及多个函数的推广

导数的四则运算法则

设 $f \left (x \right ), g \left (x \right )$ 在 $x$ 可导， 则：
1) $\left (f + g \right )' = f'+ g'$
2) $\left ( f \cdot g \right )' = f' \cdot g + f \cdot g'$
3) $\left (\frac {f} {g} \right )' = \frac {f' \cdot g - f \cdot g' } {g^2}$

证明

1)

$$\frac { \left (f + g \right ) \left (x + \Delta x \right ) - \left (f + g \right ) \left (x \right ) }{\Delta x}$$

$$= \frac { f \left (x + \Delta x \right ) + g \left (x + \Delta x \right ) - \left [f \left (x \right ) + g \left (x \right ) \right ] }{\Delta x}$$

$$= \frac { \left [f \left (x + \Delta x \right ) - f \left (x \right ) \right ] + \left [g \left (x + \Delta x \right ) - g \left (x \right ) \right ] }{\Delta x}$$

$$= \frac { f \left (x + \Delta x \right ) - f \left (x \right ) } {\Delta x} + \frac { g \left (x + \Delta x \right ) - g \left (x \right ) }{\Delta x}$$

$$\rightarrow f' \left (x \right ) + g' \left (x \right ), \Delta x \rightarrow 0$$

2)

$$\frac { \left (f \cdot g \right ) \left (x + \Delta x \right ) - \left (f \cdot g \right ) \left (x \right ) }{\Delta x}$$

$$= \frac { f \left (x + \Delta x \right ) g \left (x + \Delta x \right )- f \left (x \right ) g \left (x \right )}{\Delta x}$$

=[f(x+Δx)−f