前言
最近在上《优秀科普纪录片》时,看了一部有关 分形 的纪录片,在观看的过程中,想着自己也来生成一些分形图片,正好偶然了解到了SFML这个简单的图形库,所以天时地利人和,正好查一些资料来学习一下。
以下代码都是使用到SFML库的C++代码,所以如果要尝试使用的话,首先要配置好环境(我上一篇有介绍Cmake的配置方式,可以参考)
三分线段
看图就明白了吧。。
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
using namespace std;
sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(1920,1080), "Tree");
float base = 100;
void getNextLine(float ax, float ay, float bx, float by, float len){
if(len < 0.1f)return;
float cx, cy, dx, dy, newLen;
newLen = len / 3.0;
cx = ax + newLen; cy = ay + base;
dx = bx - newLen; dy = by + base;
getNextLine(ax, ay + base, cx, cy, newLen);
getNextLine(dx, dy, bx, by + base, newLen);
sf::Vertex line[] = {
sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(ax, ay), sf::Color::Cyan),
sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(bx, by), sf::Color::Cyan)
};
window.draw(line, 2, sf::Lines);
return;
}
int main(){
window.clear();
getNextLine(300, 300, 1600, 300, 1300);
window.display();
sf::Event event;
while (window.isOpen()){
while (window.pollEvent(event)){
if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) window.close();
}
}
return 0;
}
分形树 FractralTree
这个生成的方式很简单,就是每次对一条线段取
2
3
\frac{2}{3}
32 然后对角度
+
60
和
−
30
+60和-30
+60和−30 来的到下一个线段的位置,不断地递归下去即可。
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
using namespace std;
sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(1920,1080), "Tree");
void start(float inix, float iniy, float degree, float length)
{
if (length < 1.0f) return;
else
{
float newlength=0.67f * length;
float finx = inix + (newlength * (float)cos(degree * (3.14 / 180.0f)));
float finy = iniy + (newlength * (float)sin(degree * (3.14 / 180.0f)));
sf::Vertex line[]= {
sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(inix, iniy)),
sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(finx, finy))
};
start(finx, finy, degree+60.0f, newlength);
start(finx, finy, degree-30.0f, newlength);
window.draw(line, 2, sf::Lines);
//line.setFillColor(sf::Color::Blue);
//window.display(); // Uncomment for animation
}
}
int main()
{
window.clear();
start(1000, 799, -90, 350);
window.display();
sf::Event event;
while (window.isOpen())
{
while (window.pollEvent(event))
{
if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) window.close();
}
}
return 0;
}
Koch雪花
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
const double pi = 3.1415926;
using namespace std;
sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(1920,1080), "Tree");
float base = 100;
void getNextLine(float ax, float ay, float bx, float by){
float len = sqrt((ax - bx) * (ax - bx) + (ay - by) * (ay - by));
if(len < 1.0f){
sf::Vertex line[] = {
sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(ax, 1200 - ay), sf::Color::Cyan),
sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(bx, 1200 - by), sf::Color::Cyan)
};
window.draw(line, 2, sf::Lines);
return;
}
float cx, cy, dx, dy, ex, ey, newLen;
newLen = len / 3.0;
cx = ax + (bx - ax) / 3; cy = ay + (by - ay) / 3;
dx = bx - (bx - ax) / 3; dy = by - (by - ay) / 3;
// float x = dx - cx, y = dy - cy;
// ex = x * cos(pi / 3) - y * sin(pi / 3) + cx;
// ey = x * sin(pi / 3) + y * cos(pi / 3) + cy;
float a = atan((dy - cy)/(dx - cx));
if(dx - cx < 0)a += pi;
ex = cx + cos(a + pi/3) * newLen;
ey = cy + sin(a + pi/3) * newLen;
getNextLine(ax, ay, cx, cy);
getNextLine(cx, cy, ex, ey);
getNextLine(ex, ey, dx, dy);
getNextLine(dx, dy, bx, by);
return;
}
int main(){
window.clear();
getNextLine(300, 600, 1600, 600);
window.display();
sf::Event event;
while (window.isOpen()){
while (window.pollEvent(event)){
if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) window.close();
}
}
return 0;
}
当然计算ex, ey可以通过向量来搞
float x = dx - cx, y = dy - cy;
ex = x * cos(pi / 3) - y * sin(pi / 3) + cx;
ey = x * sin(pi / 3) + y * cos(pi / 3) + cy;
H树
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
const double pi = 3.1415926;
using namespace std;
sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(1920,1080), "Tree");
const float s2 = sqrt(2);
int num = 100;
void getNextLine(float x, float y, float len, bool v){
if(len < 5.0f)return;
// if(num-- < 0)return;
float ax, ay, bx, by, newLen;
newLen = len / s2;
if(v){
ax = x; ay = y - newLen;
bx = x; by = y + newLen;
}
else{
ax = x - newLen; ay = y;
bx = x + newLen; by = y;
}
getNextLine(ax, ay, newLen, !v);
getNextLine(bx, by, newLen, !v);
sf::Vertex line1[] = {
sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(ax, ay), sf::Color::Cyan),
sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(bx, by), sf::Color::Cyan)
};
window.draw(line1, 2, sf::Lines);
return;
}
int main(){
window.clear();
getNextLine(1000, 600, 300, 0);
window.display();
sf::Event event;
while (window.isOpen()){
while (window.pollEvent(event)){
if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) window.close();
}
}
return 0;
}
当然你愿意搞得花里胡哨的话也不是不行
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
#include<windows.h>
const double pi = 3.1415926;
using namespace std;
sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(1920,1080), "Tree");
const float s2 = sqrt(2);
float minLen = 500.0f;
const int maxn = 1e5 + 5;
struct lines{
sf::Vertex line[2];
}lines[maxn];
int num = 0;
sf::Color colors[] = {sf::Color::Cyan, sf::Color::Red, sf::Color::Green, sf::Color::Yellow, sf::Color::White};
int c = 0;
void getNextLine(float x, float y, float len, bool v){
if(len < minLen)return;
// if(num-- < 0)return;
float ax, ay, bx, by, newLen;
newLen = len / s2;
if(v){
ax = x; ay = y - newLen;
bx = x; by = y + newLen;
}
else{
ax = x - newLen; ay = y;
bx = x + newLen; by = y;
}
getNextLine(ax, ay, newLen, !v);
++c; c %= 5;
getNextLine(bx, by, newLen, !v);
++c; c %= 5;
// sf::Vertex line1[] = {
// sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(ax, ay), sf::Color::Cyan),
// sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(bx, by), sf::Color::Cyan)
// };
// lines[num].line[0] = sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(ax, ay), sf::Color::Cyan);
// lines[num].line[1] = sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(bx, by), sf::Color::Cyan);
lines[num].line[0] = sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(ax, ay), colors[c]);
lines[num].line[1] = sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(bx, by), colors[c]);
++num;
// ++c; c %= 5;
// window.draw(line1, 2, sf::Lines);
return;
}
// int lnum = 0;
void dispaly(){
// lnum = num;
num = 0;
getNextLine(1000, 600, 300, 0);
minLen -= 5.0f;
if(minLen < 5)minLen = 500;
// if(num >= lnum * 2){
// ++c; c %= 5;
// }
}
int main(){
// window.clear();
// getNextLine(1000, 600, 300, 0);
// window.display();
dispaly();
sf::Clock clock;
float timer = 0, delay = 0.1, time;
sf::Event event;
while (window.isOpen()){
time = clock.getElapsedTime().asSeconds();
timer += time;
clock.restart();
while (window.pollEvent(event)){
if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) window.close();
}
if(timer > delay){
dispaly();
timer = 0;
}
window.clear();
for(int i = 0; i < num; ++i){
window.draw(lines[i].line, 2, sf::Lines, sf::RenderStates::Default);
}
window.display();
}
return 0;
}
Julia集合
下面这份代码没有很好的调参,,所以,生成的图片也不怎么好看,等有时间修改一下在说吧。。
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
#include<windows.h>
#include<complex>
const double pi = 3.1415926;
using namespace std;
sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(1920,1080), "Tree");
sf::Color colors[10];
int col = 0;
void init(){
for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i){
// colors[i] = sf::Color((128 - rand() % 128) + rand() % 128, (128 + rand() % 128) - rand() % 64, (100 + rand() % 120) - rand() % 100);
// colors[i] = sf::Color((255 - rand() % 10 * i), (255 - rand() % 15 * i), (128 + rand() % 10 * i) % 255);
colors[i] = sf::Color(i * 13, i * rand() % 255, i * 17);
}
}
int getColor(double z){
for(int i = 9; i >= 0; --i){
// cout << i << endl;
if(z <= 1.0 / (1 << i))return i;
}
return 0;
}
complex<double> c(-0.77097, -0.08545);
const int iter_max = 20;
complex<double> iter(complex<double> z){
// cout << z << endl;
for(int i = 1; i <= iter_max; ++i){
z = z * z + c;
if(std::abs(z) * std::abs(z) > 2)return z;
}
return z;
}
void drawText(string s){
// Declare and load a font
sf::Font font;
cout << s << endl;
font.loadFromFile("./res/consola.ttf");
// Create a text
sf::Text text(s, font);
// text.setOrigin(sf::Vector2f(120, 100));
text.setCharacterSize(30);
text.setStyle(sf::Text::Bold);
text.setFillColor(sf::Color::Red);
// Draw it
window.draw(text);
}
// int lnum = 0;
int num;
void dispaly(){
// window.clear(sf::Color::Black);
window.clear(sf::Color::White);
// window.clear();
c = complex<double>(rand() % 10000 / 23333.0f, rand() % 10000 / 10007.f);
drawText("c: " + to_string(c.real()) + " " + to_string(c.imag()));
num = 0;
double x, y;
int max_x = 800, max_y = 600;
double base_x = 500, base_y = 300;
complex<double> z;
sf::VertexArray points;
points.resize(0);
int step = 1;
for(int i = 0; i < max_x; i += step){
if(i % 100 == 0)cout << i << endl;
for(int j = 0; j < max_y; j += step){
// 坐标变换
x = 2 *(i - double(max_x) / 2.0) / (double(max_x) / 2.0);
y = 1.33 * (j - double(max_y) / 2.0) / (double(max_y) / 2.0);
z = iter(complex<double>(x, y));
// points.append(sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f(x, y), sf::Color::Cyan));
// sf::Vertex p(sf::Vector2f(i + base_x, j + base_y), colors[getColor(std::abs(z))]);
// points.append(p);
// continue;
if(std::abs(z) * std::abs(z) <= 2){
// if(z.imag() * z.imag() + z.real() * z.real() < 2){
// sf::Vertex p(sf::Vector2f(i + base_x, j + base_y), sf::Color::Cyan);
sf::Vertex p(sf::Vector2f(i + base_x, j + base_y), colors[getColor(std::abs(z))]);
points.append(p);
// if(points.getVertexCount() > 100){
// points.setPrimitiveType(sf::Points);
// window.draw(points);
// points.resize(0);
// window.display();
// }
// cout << i << " " << j << endl;
}
}
}
points.setPrimitiveType(sf::Points);
cout << points.getVertexCount() << endl;
window.draw(points);
points.resize(0);
window.display();
}
int main(){
init();
dispaly();
sf::Clock clock;
float timer = 0, delay = 5, time;
sf::Event event;
while (window.isOpen()){
time = clock.getElapsedTime().asSeconds();
timer += time;
clock.restart();
// dispaly();
while (window.pollEvent(event)){
if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) window.close();
}
if(timer > delay){
dispaly();
timer = 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
(未完ing)