python之tile函数，shape函数，argsort函数介绍

1.tile函数：

tile函数是模板numpy.lib.shape_base中的函数。函数的形式是tile(A,reps)，A的类型几乎所有类型都可以：array, list, tuple, dict, matrix以及基本数据类型int, string, float以及bool类型。reps的类型也很多，可以是tuple，list, dict, array, int,bool.但不可以是float, string, matrix类型。

>>> from numpy import *
>>> tile(2,3)
array([2, 2, 2])
>>> tile((2,3),2)
array([2, 3, 2, 3])
>>> a=[[1,3],[2,4]]
>>> tile(a,3)
array([[1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3],
       [2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4]])
>>> tile(a,[2,2])
array([[1, 3, 1, 3],
       [2, 4, 2, 4],
       [1, 3, 1, 3],
       [2, 4, 2, 4]])
>>> tile(a,[1,3])
array([[1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3],
       [2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4]])
>>> a
[[1, 3], [2, 4]]

2.shape函数
shape函数是numpy.core.fromnumeric中的函数，它的功能是读取矩阵的长度，比如shape[0]就是读取矩阵第一维度的长度。它的输入参数可以使一个整数表示维度，也可以是一个矩阵。

>>> b=eye(2)
>>> b
array([[ 1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.]])
>>> b.shape
(2, 2)

3.argsort函数

argsort函数返回的是数组值从小到大的索引值，在Python中使用help帮助，即：

>>> import numpy
>>> help(numpy.argsort)
Help on function argsort in module numpy.core.fromnumeric:

argsort(a, axis=-1, kind='quicksort', order=None)
    Returns the indices that would sort an array.
    
    Perform an indirect sort along the given axis using the algorithm specified
    by the `kind` keyword. It returns an array of indices of the same shape as
    `a` that index data along the given axis in sorted order.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    a : array_like
        Array to sort.
    axis : int or None, optional
        Axis along which to sort.  The default is -1 (the last axis). If None,
        the flattened array is used.
    kind : {'quicksort', 'mergesort', 'heapsort'}, optional
        Sorting algorithm.
    order : list, optional
        When `a` is an array with fields defined, this argument specifies
        which fields to compare first, second, etc.  Not all fields need be
        specified.
    
    Returns
    -------
    index_array : ndarray, int
        Array of indices that sort `a` along the specified axis.
        In other words, ``a[index_array]`` yields a sorted `a`.
    
    See Also
    --------
    sort : Describes sorting algorithms used.
    lexsort : Indirect stable sort with multiple keys.
    ndarray.sort : Inplace sort.
    
    Notes
    -----
    See `sort` for notes on the different sorting algorithms.
    
    As of NumPy 1.4.0 `argsort` works with real/complex arrays containing
    nan values. The enhanced sort order is documented in `sort`.
    
    Examples
    --------
    One dimensional array:
    
    >>> x = np.array([3, 1, 2])
    >>> np.argsort(x)
    array([1, 2, 0])
    
    Two-dimensional array:
    
    >>> x = np.array([[0, 3], [2, 2]])
    >>> x
    array([[0, 3],
           [2, 2]])
    
    >>> np.argsort(x, axis=0)
    array([[0, 1],
           [1, 0]])
    
    >>> np.argsort(x, axis=1)
    array([[0, 1],
           [0, 1]])
    
    Sorting with keys:
    
    >>> x = np.array([(1, 0), (0, 1)], dtype=[('x', '<i4'), ('y', '<i4')])
    >>> x
    array([(1, 0), (0, 1)],
          dtype=[('x', '<i4'), ('y', '<i4')])
    
    >>> np.argsort(x, order=('x','y'))
    array([1, 0])
    
    >>> np.argsort(x, order=('y','x'))
    array([0, 1])

参考：

http://www.ithao123.cn/content-770921.html

http://blog.csdn.net/maoersong/article/details/21875705