Python 用户输入和while循环

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（1）input()获取用户输入

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
print(message)

输出

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: PM实验室
PM实验室

函数 input() 接受一个参数：即要向用户显示的提示或说明，让用户知道该如何做。
程序等待用户输入，并在用户按回车键后继续运行。

（2）int() 获取数值输入

age = input("How old are you? ")
age = int(age)
print(age >= 18)

输出

How old are you? 8
False

（3）求模运算符

number = input("Enter a number, and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: ")
number = int(number)
if number % 2 == 0:
    print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is even.")
else:
    print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is odd.")

输出

Enter a number, and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: 8

The number 8 is even.

（4）while循环

current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
    print(current_number)
    current_number += 1

输出

1
2
3
4
5

（5）让用户选择何时退出

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
message = ""
while message != 'quit':
    message = input(prompt)
    if message != 'quit':
        print(message)

输出

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. pm
pm

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. quit

（6）也可以使用标志

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
active = True
while active:
    message = input(prompt)
    if message == 'quit':
        active = False
    else:
        print(message)

（7）使用break退出循环

prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) "
while True:
    city = input(prompt)
    if city == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print("I'd love to go to " + city.title() + "!")

（8）使用continune

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
    current_number += 1
    if current_number % 2 == 0:
        continue
    print(current_number)

输出

1
3
5
7
9

continue语句不像break语句那样不再执行余下的代码并退出整个循环。
执行continue语句后，会忽略后面的代码，并返回到循环的开头继续执行循环。

while 循环处理列表和字典

（9）在列表之间移动元素

# 首先，创建一个待验证用户列表和一个用于存储已验证用户的空列表
unconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']
confirmed_users = []
# 验证每个用户，直到没有未验证用户为止
# 将每个经过验证的列表都移到已验证用户列表中
while unconfirmed_users:
    current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
    print("Verifying user: " + current_user.title())
    confirmed_users.append(current_user)
# 显示所有已验证的用户
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
    print(confirmed_user.title())

（10）删除包含特定值的所有列表元素

pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
    pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)

输出

['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
['dog', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'rabbit']

（11）使用用户输入来填充字典

responses = {}
# 设置一个标志，指出调查是否继续
polling_active = True
while polling_active:
    # 提示输入被调查者的名字和回答
    name = input("\nWhat is your name? ")
    response = input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday? ")
    # 将答卷存储在字典中
    responses[name] = response
    # 看看是否还有人要参与调查
    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) ")
    if repeat == 'no':
        polling_active = False
    # 调查结束，显示结果
    print("\n--- Poll Results ---")
    for name, response in responses.items():
        print(name + " would like to climb " + response + ".")

输出

What is your name? Eric
Which mountain would you like to climb someday? Denali
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) yes
What is your name? Lynn
Which mountain would you like to climb someday? Devil's Thumb
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) no
--- Poll Results ---
Lynn would like to climb Devil's Thumb.
Eric would like to climb Denali.