定冠词和不定冠词使用规则
在英语中,冠词分为定冠词 (the) 和不定冠词 (a/an)。它们的使用区别如下:
- 定冠词 “
the
”
定冠词 “the” 用于指特定的事物或人,通常表示已经被提及或者已经被明确指出。使用定冠词时,我们通常要求听者或读者已经知道我们要谈论的事物是什么。
例如:
The cat is sleeping on the couch. (这只猫正在沙发上睡觉。)
The book you lent me was very interesting. (你借给我的那本书很有趣。)
在这些例子中,定冠词 "the" 引导了一个特定的名词,如 "cat" 或 "book"。
这些名词已经被明确指出或者已经在先前的对话或上下文中提及。
- 不定冠词 “
a/an
”
不定冠词 “a/an” 用于指代一般或未知的事物或人。使用不定冠词时,我们通常是首次提及一个名词,并且听者或读者还不知道我们要谈论的是什么。
例如:
I saw a cat on the street. (我在街上看到了一只猫。)
Can you give me an example? (你能给我举个例子吗?)
在这些例子中,不定冠词 "a" 或 "an" 引导了一个名词,如 "cat" 或 "example"。
这些名词是首次被提及的,听者或读者还不知道我们要谈论的是什么。
-
总的来说,定冠词 “the” 用于指代特定的事物或人,而不定冠词 “a/an” 用于指代一般的事物或人。冠词的使用取决于上下文和讲话者的意图。
-
值得注意的是,在某些情况下,名词也可以不用冠词。例如,当名词作为泛指时,就不需要使用冠词。
例如:
Cats are cute animals. (猫是可爱的动物。)
I love pizza. (我喜欢比萨。)
在这些例子中,名词 "cats" 和 "pizza" 作为泛指使用,不需要使用冠词。
Example1:
I do not want a gun in my house (any gun).
The gun is in his closet (implies there is a specific gun).
I am afraid of guns (all guns in general).
Example2:
She sent me a postcard from Italy (an unspecific postcard - not a letter, not an e-mail).
It's the postcard that I have in my office (one specific postcard).
Getting postcards makes me want to travel (any postcard in general).
Example3:
I have a dog (one dog).
The dog is very friendly (the dog that I have already mentioned).
Dogs make great pets (dogs in general).
Example4:
Greta needs furniture in her apartment (furniture is a noncount noun).
She is going to select the furniture that she needs (the specific furniture that she needs).
She hopes to find some furniture this weekend (an unspecified, limited amount of furniture).
Example5:
We are going to see the Statue of Liberty this weekend (the only Statue of Liberty).
现在分词/过去分词作定语区别
英语中状语和定语的区别:
- 现在分词作定语时,被修饰的对象是这个现在分词动作的发出者;
1. Who is the girl singing in the next room?
2. I met a man wearing a hat.
- 过去分词作定语时,被修饰的对象是这个过去分词动作的承受者。
3. This is the article written by me.
4. I know the man known well in the town.
and的前面用逗号
- 在英语中,当“and”连接两个独立的从句时,你必须在它前面加一个逗号。当一个从句作为一个句子可以独立存在时,它是独立的——也就是它有自己的主语和动词。
Example: Comma before “and” connecting two independent clauses
1. [√] Jagmeet walks to school, and Rebecca takes the bus.
2. [√] On Monda,y we’ll see the Eiffel Tower, and on Tuesday we’ll visit the Louvre.
- 但是,当“and”将两个动词与同一主语连接起来时,你不应该使用逗号。
Example: “And” connecting two verbs with the same subject
1. [√] Jagmeet walks to school and arrives late.
2. [×] Sam tossed the ball and watched the dog chase it.
- 一般情况下“and”前后连接两个相同功能的词时,前面不加逗号,而连接两个独立的句子时,前面要有逗号隔开。and在连接两句话,第二句话的意思是第一句的延伸时加逗号。
- 当我们有三个及以上的项目的时候,需要在and的前面加逗号。
ex. The song was composed by Hary, Lara, and Sarah.
這首歌是由Hary、Lara和Sarah所創作。
ex. The meal consisted of soup, salad, and macroni and cheese.
這道餐點是包含了湯、沙拉、通心粉和起司的組合。
参考
Comma Before or After And | Rules & Examples
When to Use a Comma Before And
其他
- not only… but also… (but also前面加不加逗号?)
but (also)前面加不加逗号都可以,不过有时候为了强调会加逗号,比如下面这条《麦克米伦词典》例句:
There are problems not only with the students, but also with the teachers themselves.
《韦氏高阶英语词典》的这条例句则没有加逗号:
The festivals take place not only in the city but also in the surrounding rural areas.