【C语言】实现一个通讯录（三：加入文件读写）

    我们知道，在前两次实现中，每次测试都需要不停的添加联系人信息，而且一旦退出程序，无法保存已经输入的联系人信息。于是我们考虑到用文件将联系人信息保存起来，并且还可以在运行程序的时候将已有的联系人信息载入。

    在项目里新建一个文件，类型为DAT类型文件，以二进制形式保存信息。用到两个函数：

size_t fread( void *buffer, size_tsize, size_t count, FILE *stream);

size_t fwrite( const void *buffer, size_tsize, size_t count, FILE *stream);

这是它们的函数原型。

    我们用两个函数分别来实现信息的载入和保存。

void read_from_file(Pcon pcon)   //从文件中读取联系人信息
{
	int i = 0;
	people tmp = { 0 };
	FILE *pfread = fopen("cantact.dat", "r");
	if (pfread == NULL)
	{
		perror("open file for read");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	while (fread(&tmp, sizeof(people), 1, pfread))
	{
		judge_full(pcon);  //防止文件里的人数超过容量
		pcon->human[i] = tmp;
		i++;
		pcon->count_p++;
	}
	fclose(pfread);
}

void save_to_file(Pcon pcon)      //将联系人信息保存至文件
{
	int i = 0;
	FILE *pfwrite = fopen("cantact.dat", "w");
	if (pfwrite == NULL)
	{
		perror("open file for write");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)
	{
		fwrite(&(pcon->human[i]), sizeof(people), 1, pfwrite);
	}
	fclose(pfwrite);
}

头文件：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1         \\消除scanf不安全的警告

#ifndef _CONTACT_H_                       
#define _CONTACT_H_
#define NAME_MAX 20
#define SEX_MAX 3
#define TEL_MAX 20
#define ADDER_MAX 30
#define PEOPLE_MAX 3

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

typedef struct people                   //定义通讯录保存的内容结构体
{
	char name[NAME_MAX];
	char sex[SEX_MAX];
	int age;
	char tel[TEL_MAX];
	char adder[ADDER_MAX];
}people;

typedef struct contact                    //定义一个嵌套结构体。
{
	int capacity;
	people *human;
	int count_p;
}Con, *Pcon;

void add_people(Pcon pcon);           //函数接口，实现增加联系人功能
int find_people(Pcon pcon);          //函数接口，实现查找联系人功能
void delete_people(Pcon pcon);       //函数接口，实现删除联系人功能
void alter_people(Pcon pcon);        //函数接口，实现修改联系人信息功能
void show_people(Pcon pcon);         //函数接口，实现显示所有联系人功能
void clean_people(Pcon pcon);           //函数接口， 实现清空联系人功能
void order_people(Pcon pcon);           //函数接口，实现以名字对联系人进行排序功能。
void init(Pcon pcon);                    //初始化结构体
void menu();                          //实现菜单功能
void free_mem(Pcon pcon);
void save_to_file(Pcon pcon);         //将联系人信息保存至文件
void read_from_file(Pcon pcon);            //从文件中读取联系人信息
#endif

函数实现：

#include"head.h"


void menu()
{
	printf("*******************欢迎使用通讯录4.0   ***************\n");
	printf("                   1.添加联系人信息      \n");
	printf("                   2.删除指定联系人信息  \n");
	printf("                   3.查找指定联系人信息  \n");
	printf("                   4.修改指定联系人信息  \n");
	printf("                   5.显示所有联系人信息  \n");
	printf("                   6.清空所有联系人     \n");
	printf("                   7.以名字排序所有联系人\n");
	printf("                   8.退出\n");
	printf("******************************************************\n");
}

void print(Pcon pcon, int i)        //打印联系人信息
{
	printf("|  姓名  |  性别  |  年龄  |    电话    |      住址     | \n");
	printf("|  %4s  |  %2s  |  %d  |  %6s  |  %6s  |\n", pcon->human[i].name, pcon->human[i].sex, pcon->human[i].age,
		pcon->human[i].tel, pcon->human[i].adder);

}

void judge_full(Pcon pcon)   //判断当前联系人总数是否超过容量，若超过则增容
{
	people *p = { 0 };
	if (pcon->count_p == pcon->capacity)
	{
		p = (people *)realloc(pcon->human, (pcon->capacity + 3)*sizeof(people));
		if (p == NULL)
		{
			printf("out of memery");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		else
		{
			pcon->human = p;
			pcon->capacity += 3;
		}
	}
}
void add_people(Pcon pcon)
{
	judge_full(pcon);
	printf("请输入添加联系人的姓名，性别，年龄，电话，住址：(可用空格符或回车符隔开)\n");
	scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].name);
	scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].sex);
	scanf("%d", &pcon->human[pcon->count_p].age);
	scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].tel);
	scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].adder);
	print(pcon, pcon->count_p);
	(pcon->count_p)++;

	printf("添加成功！\n");
}

int find_people(Pcon pcon)
{
	char name[NAME_MAX];
	int i = 0;
	printf("请输入姓名：");
	scanf("%s", name);
	for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)
	{
		if (strcmp(pcon->human[i].name, name) == 0)
		{
			print(pcon, i);
			return i;                  //若输入的姓名与联系人中的一个姓名相符，则返回该联系人的位置
		}
	}
	printf("不存在该联系人\n");
	return -1;
}

void delete_people(Pcon pcon)
{
	int i = 0;
	int ret = find_people(pcon);
	if (ret != -1)
	{
		for (i = ret; i < pcon->count_p; i++)
		{
			pcon->human[i] = pcon->human[i + 1];     //采用移位删除法删除。
		}
		pcon->count_p--;
		printf("删除成功！\n");

	}
	else
		printf("不存在该联系人！\n");

}

void alter_people(Pcon pcon)
{
	int ret = find_people(pcon);     //接收指定联系人位置
	if (ret != -1)
	{
		printf("请重新输入该联系人信息：(用空格符或回车符隔开)\n");
		scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].name);
		scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].sex);
		scanf("%d", &pcon->human[ret].age);
		scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].tel);
		scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].adder);
		print(pcon, ret);
		printf("修改成功！\n");

	}
}

void show_people(Pcon pcon)
{
	int i = 0;
	printf("|  姓名  |  性别  |  年龄  |    电话    |      住址     | \n");

	for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)  //循环打印全部联系人
	{
		printf("|  %4s  |  %2s  |  %d  |  %6s  |  %6s  |\n", pcon->human[i].name, pcon->human[i].sex, pcon->human[i].age,
			pcon->human[i].tel, pcon->human[i].adder);
	}
}

void clean_people(Pcon pcon)         //将人数置成0，即清空联系人
{
	pcon->count_p = 0;
	printf("成功清空！");
}

void order_people(Pcon pcon)
{
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < (pcon->count_p) - 1; i++)    //这里采用冒泡排序
	{
		for (int j = 0; j<(pcon->count_p) - 1 - i; j++)
		{
			int min = 0;
			if (strcmp(pcon->human[j].name, pcon->human[j + 1].name)>0)
			{
				people temp = pcon->human[j];
				pcon->human[j] = pcon->human[j + 1];
				pcon->human[j + 1] = temp;

			}
		}
	}
	printf("排序完成\n");
	show_people(pcon);
}



void init(Pcon pcon)   //对结构体进行初始化。
{
	pcon->capacity = PEOPLE_MAX;

	people *p = (people *)malloc((PEOPLE_MAX)*sizeof(people));

	if (p == NULL)
	{
		printf("out of memery");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	else
	{
		pcon->human = p;
	}
	memset(pcon->human, 0, (PEOPLE_MAX)* sizeof(people));
	pcon->count_p = 0;

}

void free_mem(Pcon pcon)
{
	free(pcon->human);
	pcon->human = NULL;
}

void read_from_file(Pcon pcon)   //从文件中读取联系人信息
{
	int i = 0;
	people tmp = { 0 };
	FILE *pfread = fopen("cantact.dat", "r");
	if (pfread == NULL)
	{
		perror("open file for read");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	while (fread(&tmp, sizeof(people), 1, pfread))
	{
		judge_full(pcon);  //防止文件里的人数超过容量
		pcon->human[i] = tmp;
		i++;
		pcon->count_p++;
	}
	fclose(pfread);
}

void save_to_file(Pcon pcon)      //将联系人信息保存至文件
{
	int i = 0;
	FILE *pfwrite = fopen("cantact.dat", "w");
	if (pfwrite == NULL)
	{
		perror("open file for write");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)
	{
		fwrite(&(pcon->human[i]), sizeof(people), 1, pfwrite);
	}
	fclose(pfwrite);
}

主函数：

#include"head.h"

int main()
{
	Con con;
	init(&con);
	int num = 0;
	menu();
	read_from_file(&con);
	while (1)
	{
		printf("请输入你想执行的功能序号：");
		scanf("%d", &num);
		switch (num)
		{
		case 1:
			add_people(&con);
			break;
		case 2:
			delete_people(&con);
			break;
		case 3:
			find_people(&con);
			break;
		case 4:
			alter_people(&con);
			break;
		case 5:
			show_people(&con);
			break;
		case 6:
			clean_people(&con);
			break;
		case 7:
			order_people(&con);
			break;
		case 8:
			save_to_file(&con);

			exit(0);
			break;
		default:
			printf("指令输入错误！");
			break;
		}
	}
	free_mem(&con);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

至此，我们的通讯录就实现了。