tensorflow GPU版本配置加速环境

import tensorflow as tf
tf.test.is_gpu_available()

1. 背景
   环境：Anaconda 、tensorflow_gpu==1.4.0 (这里就用1.4.0版本做演示了，虽然现在的已经是2.0版本了)
   如下图是各个版本的cuda版本信息，在安装时需要看清楚，并不是所有的gpu版本都是cuda_8.0
   材料：cuda_8.0版本链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lzKSWRLl5lYMrYcLjGbVXw
   提取码：2p9i
2. 安装cuda
   下载之后点击执行cuda
   
   
   这里可以选择安装的模式：精简也可以选择自定义
   
   安装路径可以自定义，也可以默认。选择自定义得记住安装的路径（后面配置环境变量）
   后面的就是一键Next，完成即可
3. 配置系统环境变量

在系统环境变量中配置环境变量，在cuda安装好时会自动的配置两个，另外两个需要自己配置（ps:如果安装路径是自定义的话，需要根据情况自行变动）

C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0
C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0\bin
C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0\lib\x64
C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v8.0\libnvvp

在完成了上述的配置后，可以验证一下是否配置成功：
在cmd中输入如下的代码：

echo %path%

执行结果如下：

4.配置cudnn:
在分享的安装包中有一个压缩包,将其解压会出现三个文件夹：

将这三个文件夹里面的文件对应的复制到cuda文件下：
（注意这里是将文件下的文件复制到cuda对应的文件夹里面，而不是将文件夹直接替代cuda下的文件夹（这步特别重要））

4.验证：
完成上述的所有步骤后，基本上就完成了大部分了！！！
验证是否成功：
打开pycharm,在里面输入如下测试代码：（前提是已经安装了相应版本tensorflow_gpu,这里给出1.4.0安装方法：在cmd中输入pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple tensorflow-gpu==1.4.0）

import ctypes  
import imp  
import sys  
def main():  
    try:  
        import tensorflow as tf  
        print("TensorFlow successfully installed.")  
        if tf.test.is_built_with_cuda():  
            print("The installed version of TensorFlow includes GPU support.")  
        else:  
            print("The installed version of TensorFlow does not include GPU support.")  
        sys.exit(0)  
    except ImportError:  
        print("ERROR: Failed to import the TensorFlow module.")  
  
    candidate_explanation = False  
  
    python_version = sys.version_info.major, sys.version_info.minor  
    print("\n- Python version is %d.%d." % python_version)  
    if not (python_version == (3, 5) or python_version == (3, 6)):  
        candidate_explanation = True  
        print("- The official distribution of TensorFlow for Windows requires "  
              "Python version 3.5 or 3.6.")  
  
    try:  
        _, pathname, _ = imp.find_module("tensorflow")  
        print("\n- TensorFlow is installed at: %s" % pathname)  
    except ImportError:  
        candidate_explanation = False  
        print(""" 
- No module named TensorFlow is installed in this Python environment. You may 
  install it using the command `pip install tensorflow`.""")  
  
    try:  
        msvcp140 = ctypes.WinDLL("msvcp140.dll")  
    except OSError:  
        candidate_explanation = True  
        print(""" 
- Could not load 'msvcp140.dll'. TensorFlow requires that this DLL be 
  installed in a directory that is named in your %PATH% environment 
  variable. You may install this DLL by downloading Microsoft Visual 
  C++ 2015 Redistributable Update 3 from this URL: 
  https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=53587""")  
  
    try:  
        cudart64_80 = ctypes.WinDLL("cudart64_80.dll")  
    except OSError:  
        candidate_explanation = True  
        print(""" 
- Could not load 'cudart64_80.dll'. The GPU version of TensorFlow 
  requires that this DLL be installed in a directory that is named in 
  your %PATH% environment variable. Download and install CUDA 8.0 from 
  this URL: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit""")  
  
    try:  
        nvcuda = ctypes.WinDLL("nvcuda.dll")  
    except OSError:  
        candidate_explanation = True  
        print(""" 
- Could not load 'nvcuda.dll'. The GPU version of TensorFlow requires that 
  this DLL be installed in a directory that is named in your %PATH% 
  environment variable. Typically it is installed in 'C:\Windows\System32'. 
  If it is not present, ensure that you have a CUDA-capable GPU with the 
  correct driver installed.""")  
  
    cudnn5_found = False  
    try:  
        cudnn5 = ctypes.WinDLL("cudnn64_5.dll")  
        cudnn5_found = True  
    except OSError:  
        candidate_explanation = True  
        print(""" 
- Could not load 'cudnn64_5.dll'. The GPU version of TensorFlow 
  requires that this DLL be installed in a directory that is named in 
  your %PATH% environment variable. Note that installing cuDNN is a 
  separate step from installing CUDA, and it is often found in a 
  different directory from the CUDA DLLs. You may install the 
  necessary DLL by downloading cuDNN 5.1 from this URL: 
  https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn""")  
  
    cudnn6_found = False  
    try:  
        cudnn = ctypes.WinDLL("cudnn64_6.dll")  
        cudnn6_found = True  
    except OSError:  
        candidate_explanation = True  
  
    if not cudnn5_found or not cudnn6_found:  
        print()  
        if not cudnn5_found and not cudnn6_found:  
            print("- Could not find cuDNN.")  
        elif not cudnn5_found:  
            print("- Could not find cuDNN 5.1.")  
        else:  
            print("- Could not find cuDNN 6.")  
            print(""" 
  The GPU version of TensorFlow requires that the correct cuDNN DLL be installed 
  in a directory that is named in your %PATH% environment variable. Note that 
  installing cuDNN is a separate step from installing CUDA, and it is often 
  found in a different directory from the CUDA DLLs. The correct version of 
  cuDNN depends on your version of TensorFlow: 
 
  * TensorFlow 1.2.1 or earlier requires cuDNN 5.1. ('cudnn64_5.dll') 
  * TensorFlow 1.3 or later requires cuDNN 6. ('cudnn64_6.dll') 
 
  You may install the necessary DLL by downloading cuDNN from this URL: 
  https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn""")  
  
    if not candidate_explanation:  
        print(""" 
- All required DLLs appear to be present. Please open an issue on the 
  TensorFlow GitHub page: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues""")  
    sys.exit(-1)  
if __name__ == "__main__":  
    main()  

如果出现以下结果则表明已经配置成功了：

TensorFlow successfully installed.
The installed version of TensorFlow includes GPU support.

若是出现以下问题则表明环境配置出错了：

Could not load ‘cudart64_80.dll’. The GPU version of TensorFlow
requires that this DLL be installed in a directory that is named in
your %PATH% environment variable. Download and install CUDA 8.0 from
this URL: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit

5.模型gpu加速训练：

# 测试tensorflow_gpu版本加速效果代码
from datetime import datetime
import math
import time
import tensorflow as tf
import os
#os.environ["CUDA_DEVICE_ORDER"] = "PCI_BUS_ID"
#os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "-1"
batch_size = 32
num_batches = 100
# 该函数用来显示网络每一层的结构，展示tensor的尺寸

def print_activations(t):
print(t.op.name, ' ', t.get_shape().as_list())

# with tf.name_scope('conv1') as scope # 可以将scope之内的variable自动命名为conv1/xxx，便于区分不同组件

def inference(images):
parameters = []
# 第一个卷积层
with tf.name_scope('conv1') as scope:
# 卷积核、截断正态分布
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([11, 11, 3, 64],
dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1), name='weights')
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(images, kernel, [1, 4, 4, 1], padding='SAME')
# 可训练
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[64], dtype=tf.float32), trainable=True, name='biases')
bias = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
conv1 = tf.nn.relu(bias, name=scope)
print_activations(conv1)
parameters += [kernel, biases]
# 再加LRN和最大池化层，除了AlexNet，基本放弃了LRN，说是效果不明显，还会减速？
lrn1 = tf.nn.lrn(conv1, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9, beta=0.75, name='lrn1')
pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(lrn1, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='pool1')
print_activations(pool1)
# 第二个卷积层，只有部分参数不同
with tf.name_scope('conv2') as scope:
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([5, 5, 64, 192], dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1), name='weights')
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(pool1, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[192], dtype=tf.float32), trainable=True, name='biases')
bias = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
conv2 = tf.nn.relu(bias, name=scope)
parameters += [kernel, biases]
print_activations(conv2)
# 稍微处理一下
lrn2 = tf.nn.lrn(conv2, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9, beta=0.75, name='lrn2')
pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(lrn2, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='pool2')
print_activations(pool2)
# 第三个
with tf.name_scope('conv3') as scope:
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([3, 3, 192, 384], dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1), name='weights')
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(pool2, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[384], dtype=tf.float32), trainable=True, name='biases')
bias = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
conv3 = tf.nn.relu(bias, name=scope)
parameters += [kernel, biases]
print_activations(conv3)
# 第四层
with tf.name_scope('conv4') as scope:
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([3, 3, 384, 256], dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1), name='weights')
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(conv3, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[256], dtype=tf.float32), trainable=True, name='biases')
bias = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
conv4 = tf.nn.relu(bias, name=scope)
parameters += [kernel, biases]
print_activations(conv4)
# 第五个
with tf.name_scope('conv5') as scope:
kernel = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([3, 3, 256, 256], dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1), name='weights')
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(conv4, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
biases = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[256], dtype=tf.float32), trainable=True, name='biases')
bias = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
conv5 = tf.nn.relu(bias, name=scope)
parameters += [kernel, biases]
print_activations(conv5)
# 之后还有最大化池层
pool5 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv5, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='pool5')
print_activations(pool5)
return pool5, parameters
# 全连接层
# 评估每轮计算时间，第一个输入是tf得Session，第二个是运算算子，第三个是测试名称
# 头几轮有显存加载，cache命中等问题，可以考虑只计算第10次以后的
def time_tensorflow_run(session, target, info_string):
num_steps_burn_in = 10
total_duration = 0.0
total_duration_squared = 0.0
# 进行num_batches+num_steps_burn_in次迭代
# 用time.time()记录时间，热身过后，开始显示时间
for i in range(num_batches + num_steps_burn_in):
start_time = time.time()
_ = session.run(target)
duration = time.time() - start_time
if i >= num_steps_burn_in:
if not i % 10:
print('%s:step %d, duration = %.3f' % (datetime.now(), i - num_steps_burn_in, duration))
total_duration += duration
total_duration_squared += duration * duration
# 计算每轮迭代品均耗时和标准差sd
mn = total_duration / num_batches
vr = total_duration_squared / num_batches - mn * mn
sd = math.sqrt(vr)
print('%s: %s across %d steps, %.3f +/- %.3f sec / batch' % (datetime.now(), info_string, num_batches, mn, sd))
def run_benchmark():
# 首先定义默认的Graph
with tf.Graph().as_default():
# 并不实用ImageNet训练，知识随机计算耗时
image_size = 224
images = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([batch_size, image_size, image_size, 3], dtype=tf.float32, stddev=1e-1))
pool5, parameters = inference(images)
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
sess = tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True, log_device_placement=False))
sess.run(init)
# 下面直接用pool5传入训练（没有全连接层）
# 只是做做样子，并不是真的计算
time_tensorflow_run(sess, pool5, "Forward")
# 瞎弄的，伪装
objective = tf.nn.l2_loss(pool5)
grad = tf.gradients(objective, parameters)
time_tensorflow_run(sess, grad, "Forward-backward")
run_benchmark()

好啦，到这里就大功告成啦~~~~
可以体会gpu给你带来训练时的高速了，个人觉得还是得有一块好的显卡，这样加速效果会更好，速度更快。。。。

6.结束：
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