二、计算一段时间内的工作日天数,休息日不一定是传统意义上的周六周日,可能是任意某天或某两天等。
1 使用上节写好的函数,进行修改,让其可以找到两个日期间的星期X,同时会返回找到星期X的天数。
import datetime
import calendar
def FindWeekDay1(startdate,enddate,weekday):
#分离出日期变量
x=startdate.split('-')
y=enddate.split('-')
num=0
oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
fristday = datetime.date(int (x[0]),int (x[1]),int (x[2]))
lastday = datetime.date(int (y[0]),int (y[1]),int (y[2]))
while (lastday-fristday).days >= 0:
if fristday.weekday()==weekday-1:
print(fristday.strftime('%A, %d-%b-%Y'))
num+=1
fristday += oneday*7
else:
fristday += oneday
return num
2 定义函数计算工作日天数
<span style="color:#3333ff;">import sys
sys.path.append('c:\MyPython')
import FindWeekDay1
import datetime
def CountWorkDay(startdate,enddate,*sleepday):
x=startdate.split('-')
y=enddate.split('-')
z=[];
num=0
oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
fristday = datetime.date(int (x[0]),int (x[1]),int (x[2]))
lastday = datetime.date(int (y[0]),int (y[1]),int (y[2]))
totalday = (lastday-fristday).days+1
for i in range(0,len(sleepday)):
totalday -= FindWeekDay1.FindWeekDay1(startdate,enddate,sleepday[i])
return totalday
if __name__== "__main__":
print(CountWorkDay('2014-10-01','2014-10-02',6,7))</span>
3 以上函数只能接收一种日期类型,即形如'2014-10-01’的字符串
4 if __name__ == "__main__":的含义是只当当前函数为主函数时才运行IF缩进内容。
5 为解决第3个问题,载入dateutil库,下载地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-dateutil,在其目录下Python setup.py install安装。修改CountWorkDay代码为:
<span style="color:#3333ff;">import datetime
import calendar
import dateutil.parser
def FindWeekDay1(startdate,enddate,weekday):
#分离出日期变量
num=0
oneday = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
fristday = dateutil.parser.parse(startdate)
lastday = dateutil.parser.parse(enddate)
while (lastday-fristday).days >= 0:
if fristday.weekday()==weekday-1:
print(fristday.strftime('%A, %d-%b-%Y'))
num+=1
fristday += oneday*7
else:
fristday += oneday
return num</span>
6 dateutil.parser可以解析一些模糊的日期字符串,但会按照一定的优先度。
[1] 优先解析mm-dd-yy
[2] 其次解析dd-mm-yy
[3] 再次解析yy-mm-dd 不解析yy-dd-mm
<span style="color:#3333ff;">datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 12, 0, 0)
>>> dateutil.parser.parse('10-11-12')
datetime.datetime(2012, 10, 11, 0, 0)
>>> dateutil.parser.parse('14-11-12')
datetime.datetime(2012, 11, 14, 0, 0)
>>> dateutil.parser.parse('45-11-12')</span><pre name="code" class="python"><span style="color:#3333ff;">datetime.datetime(2045, 11, 12, 0, 0)</span>
<pre name="code" class="python"><span style="color:#3333ff;">>>> dateutil.parser.parse('45-13-12')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#11>", line 1, in <module>
dateutil.parser.parse('45-13-12')
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\python_dateutil-2.2-py3.4.egg\dateutil\parser.py", line 748, in parse
return DEFAULTPARSER.parse(timestr, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\python_dateutil-2.2-py3.4.egg\dateutil\parser.py", line 320, in parse
ret = default.replace(**repl)
ValueError: month must be in 1..12</span>
[4] 该函数还能解析其他类型的日期字符串,如下
<span style="color:#6600cc;">>>> dateutil.parser.parse('99,12,17')
datetime.datetime(1999, 12, 17, 0, 0)
>>> dateutil.parser.parse('99,Dec,17')
datetime.datetime(1999, 12, 17, 0, 0)
>>> dateutil.parser.parse('99,17,DEc')
datetime.datetime(1999, 12, 17, 0, 0)
>>> dateutil.parser.parse('19900813')
datetime.datetime(1990, 8, 13, 0, 0)</span>
<span style="color:#3333ff;">import sys
import datetime
import dateutil.parser
def DateToStr(date):
newdic={}
if isinstance(date,int):
date = str(date)
elif isinstance(date,(list,tuple)):
for i in date:
date = "".join(str(date))
return dateutil.parser.parse(date)</span>