AndroidStudio经典蓝牙协议SPP通信

1、在配置文件AndroidManifest.xml的<manifest></manifest>中，添加蓝牙权限如下：

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

2、在入口文件MainActivity中的入口函数onCreate中写一个按钮，并定义onClick函数；点击按钮后调用connectToDevice方法。

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mDataTextView = findViewById(R.id.data_text_view);
        mConnectButton = findViewById(R.id.connect_button);
        mConnectButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                connectToDevice();
            }
        });

        // 初始化 BluetoothAdapter
        mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Device does not support Bluetooth");
            return;
        }
    }

2、connectToDevice方法中判断手机是否打开蓝牙，若无则请求用户允许打开，用户处理结果在onActivityResult方法中响应；蓝牙打开后，还需判断是否授予应用蓝牙权限，若无则请求用户允许授予，用户处理结果在onRequestPermissionsResult方法中响应。若蓝牙已打开且应用已被授予权限，则调用connectToDeviceUnderpermission方法。

    private void connectToDevice() {
        // 扫描并选择蓝牙设备
        // 这里省略扫描和选择设备的逻辑，直接连接中回ZC3-U回弹仪，可以通过对话框或列表选择设备
        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            // 蓝牙未打开，请求用户打开蓝牙，对应onActivityResult方法
            Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
        } else {
            // 蓝牙已经打开，继续处理
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED | ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED | ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //蓝牙权限未被授予，需要向用户申请权限，对应onRequestPermissionsResult方法
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT}, BLUETOOTH_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
            } else {
                //蓝牙权限已被授予，进行连接操作
                connectToDeviceUnderPermission();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
            if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                // 用户允许打开蓝牙，继续处理
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED | ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED | ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    //蓝牙权限未被授予，需要向用户申请权限
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN, Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT}, BLUETOOTH_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
                } else {
                    connectToDeviceUnderPermission();
                }
            } else {
                // 用户拒绝打开蓝牙或操作失败
                Log.i(TAG, "onActivityResult: 用户拒绝打开蓝牙");
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        if (requestCode == BLUETOOTH_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) {
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
                    grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // 用户授予了蓝牙权限，可以执行蓝牙相关操作
                connectToDeviceUnderPermission();
            } else {
                // 用户拒绝了蓝牙权限，可以给出适当的提示或处理
                Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙权限被拒绝，无法使用蓝牙功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

3、定义设备MAC地址常量和SPP服务特性：

    private static final String MAC_ADDRESS = "7A:01:4A:FF:FF:FF";
    private static final String SERVICE_CHARACTERISTIC = "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";

4、connectToDeviceUnderpermission方法中先通过设备MAC地址获取设备，若未知设备SPP服务特性则可通过设备getUuids方法获取；再根据该服务特性建立socket；定义输入输出流；启动接收数据线程；发送数据。

    private void connectToDeviceUnderPermission() {
        mBluetoothDevice = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(MAC_ADDRESS);
        // 只有通过启动该程序打开蓝牙才能获取设备UUID，该UUID与SERVICE_CHARACTERISTIC一致
        // 若已知悉设备SPP服务UUID则注释下面两行。
//        SERVICE_CHARACTERISTIC = mBluetoothDevice.getUuids()[0].toString();
//        Log.i(TAG, "deviceUUID:"+deviceUuid);

        // 建立蓝牙连接
        UUID uuid = UUID.fromString(SERVICE_CHARACTERISTIC); // SPP通信的UUID

        try {
            // 蓝牙权限已经被授予，可以连接蓝牙，建立通信套接字
            mBluetoothSocket = mBluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
            mBluetoothSocket.connect();
            // 定义输入输出流
            mInputStream = mBluetoothSocket.getInputStream();
            mOutputStream = mBluetoothSocket.getOutputStream();

            Log.d(TAG, "Connected to device: " + mBluetoothDevice.getName());
            // 连接成功后，启动接收数据的线程
            Thread thread = new Thread(new ReceiveDataThread());
            thread.start();
            // 连接成功后，进行数据通信
            // 将十六进制数组转换为字节数组
            String hex = RDI_MSG;
            byte[] byteArray = new byte[hex.length()/2];
            //49204c6f7665204a617661 split into two characters 49, 20, 4c...
            for( int i=0; i<byteArray.length; i++ ) {
                //grab the hex in pairs
                String output = hex.substring(2*i, (2*i + 2));
                //convert hex to decimal
                int decimal = Integer.parseInt(output, 16);
                byteArray[i] = (byte) decimal;
            }
            // 发送数据
            sendData(byteArray);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to connect: " + e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
            // 连接或读取数据失败，关闭连接并进行错误处理
            try {
                mBluetoothSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException e2) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Error closing Bluetooth socket: " + e2.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }

5、发送数据sendData：

    private void sendData(byte[] data) {
        try {
            mOutputStream.write(data);
            mOutputStream.flush();
            Log.d(TAG, "Data sent: " + Arrays.toString(data));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to send data: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

6、接收数据ReceiveDataThread，并将接收的数据内容显示在textView中：

   private class ReceiveDataThread implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytes;

            while (true) {
                try {
                    Log.d(TAG, "run: receive start");
                    bytes = mInputStream.read(buffer);
                    Log.d(TAG, "run: receive get");
                    Log.d(TAG, "run: "+bytes);
                    mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget();
                    onDestroy();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Error reading data: " + e.getMessage());
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private Handler mHandler = new Handler(new Handler.Callback() {
        @Override
        public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
            if (msg.what == MESSAGE_READ) {
                byte[] buffer = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                String receivedData = new String(buffer, 0, msg.arg1);
                Log.d(TAG, "handleMessage: "+receivedData);
                mDataTextView.setText(receivedData);
            }
            return true;
        }
    });

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        // 关闭连接和释放资源
        try {
            if (mInputStream != null) {
                mInputStream.close();
            }
            if (mOutputStream != null) {
                mOutputStream.close();
            }
            if (mBluetoothSocket != null) {
                mBluetoothSocket.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Error closing Bluetooth socket: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

7、连接真机进行测试，点击按钮可以看到对应文本内容显示为返回数据。