python3之xml处理（xml.etree.ElementTree）

• XML简介
  XML（可扩展性标记语言eXtensible Markup Language）是一种非常常用的文件类型，被设计用来传输和存储数据而不是显示数据（HTML用于显示数据），XML 标签没有被预定义。您需要自行定义标签。python3.3以后使用xml.etree.ElementTree模块。
• XML格式
  （1）标签/元素
  （2）属性
  （3）数据
  例如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<breakfast_menu>
    <food>
        <name>Belgian Waffles</name>
        <price>$5.95</price>
        <description>
            Two of our famous Belgian Waffles with plenty of real maple syrup
        </description>
        <calories>650</calories>
    </food>
    <food>
        <name>Strawberry Belgian Waffles</name>
        <price>$7.95</price>
        <description>
            Light Belgian waffles covered with strawberries and whipped cream
        </description>
        <calories>900</calories>
        </food>
</breakfast_menu>

• XML读取操作
  有以下两种方式可以对XML字符串进行操作，都是拿到根节点breakfast_menu元素，在此基础上增删改查XML
  （1）通过字符串方式读取，参数为XML字符串，直接返回的是一个根Element对象

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
xml_string ='''
<breakfast_menu>
    <food>
        <name>Belgian Waffles</name>
        <price>$5.95</price>
        <description>
            Two of our famous Belgian Waffles with plenty of real maple syrup
        </description>
        <calories>650</calories>
    </food>
    <food>
        <name>Strawberry Belgian Waffles</name>
        <price>$7.95</price>
        <description>
            Light Belgian waffles covered with strawberries and whipped cream
        </description>
        <calories>900</calories>
        </food>
    <food>
        <name>Berry-Berry Belgian Waffles</name>
        <price>$8.95</price>
        <description>Light Belgian waffles covered with an assortment of fresh berries and whipped cream</description>
        <calories>900</calories>
    </food>
    <food>
        <name>French Toast</name>
        <price>$4.50</price>
        <description>
            Thick slices made from our homemade sourdough bread
        </description>
        <calories>600</calories>
    </food>
    <food>
        <name>Homestyle Breakfast</name>
        <price>$6.95</price>
        <description>
            Two eggs, bacon or sausage, toast, and our ever-popular hash browns
        </description>
        <calories>950</calories>
    </food>
</breakfast_menu>
'''
root