matplotlib-02-进阶

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-05 19:39:29 发布

pyorz

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-05 19:39:29 发布

阅读量309

点赞数

分类专栏： # matplotlib

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/pyorz/article/details/109311620

版权

matplotlib 专栏收录该内容

3 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

text 和 annotate区别

text() 函数在 Axes 对象的指定位置添加文本，而 annotate() 则是对某一点添加注释文本，需要考虑两个位置：一是注释点的坐标 xy ，二是注释文本的位置坐标 xytext：

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

t = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.01)
s = np.cos(2*np.pi*t)
line, = ax.plot(t, s, lw=2)

ax.annotate('local max', xy=(2, 1), xytext=(3, 1.5),
            arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05),
            )

ax.set_ylim(-2,2)
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

极坐标系

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, polar=True)
r = np.arange(0,1,0.001)
theta = 2*2*np.pi*r
line, = ax.plot(theta, r, color='#ee8d18', lw=3)

ind = 800
thisr, thistheta = r[ind], theta[ind]
ax.plot([thistheta], [thisr], 'o')
ax.annotate('a polar annotation',
            xy=(thistheta, thisr),  # theta, radius
            xytext=(0.05, 0.05),    # fraction, fraction
            textcoords='figure fraction',
            arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05),
            horizontalalignment='left',
            verticalalignment='bottom',
            )
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

subplot设置标题，以及使用tex语法

def f(t):
    return np.exp(-t) * np.cos(2*np.pi*t)

t1 = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.1)
t2 = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.02)

plt.figure(1)
ax1 = plt.subplot(121)
ax1.set_title('alpha > beta')
plt.plot(t1, f(t1), 'bo', t2, f(t2), 'k')

ax2 = plt.subplot(122)
ax2.set_title(r'$\alpha > \beta$')
plt.plot(t2, np.cos(2*np.pi*t2), 'r--')
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

常用Tex语句

r'$\alpha_i > \beta_i$'

上下标： $\alpha_i > \beta_i$

r'$\sum_{i=0}^\infty x_i$'

求和符号： $\sum_{i=0}^\infty x_i$

r'$\frac{3}{4}, \binom{3}{4}, \stackrel{3}{4}$'

分数： $\frac{3}{4}, \binom{3}{4}, \stackrel{3}{4}$

r'$\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4}$'

多重分数： $\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4}$

r'$(\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4})$' 
# 或者
r'$\left(\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4}\right)$'

括号： $\left(\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4}\right)$

r'$\sqrt{2}$'

根号： $\sqrt{2}$

r'$\sqrt[3]{x}$'

根号： $\sqrt[3]{x}$

字体：

命令	显示
\mathrm{Roman}	$\mathrm{Roman}$
\mathit{Italic}	$\mathit{Italic}$
\mathtt{Typewriter}	$\mathtt{Typewriter}$
\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHY}	$\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHY}$
\mathbb{blackboard}	$\mathbb{blackboard}$
\mathfrak{Fraktur}	$\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
\mathsf{sansserif}	$\mathsf{sansserif}$

音调：

命令	结果
\acute a	$\acute a$
\bar a	$\bar a$
\breve a	$\breve a$
\ddot a	$\ddot a$
\dot a	$\dot a$
\grave a	$\grave a$
\hat a	$\hat a$
\tilde a	$\tilde a$
\4vec a	$\vec a$
\overline{abc}	$\overline{abc}$
\widehat{xyz}	$\widehat{xyz}$
\widetilde{xyz}	$\widetilde{xyz}$

注释

各种文本框

import matplotlib.patches as mpatch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

styles = mpatch.BoxStyle.get_styles()

figheight = (len(styles)+.5)
fig1 = plt.figure(figsize=(4/1.5, figheight/1.5))
fontsize = 0.3 * 72
ax = fig1.add_subplot(111)

for i, (stylename, styleclass) in enumerate(styles.items()):
    ax.text(0.5, (float(len(styles)) - 0.5 - i)/figheight, stylename,
              ha="center",
              size=fontsize,
              transform=fig1.transFigure,
              bbox=dict(boxstyle=stylename, fc="w", ec="k"))

# 去掉轴的显示
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['left'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('none')
plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])

plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

箭头

plt.figure(1, figsize=(3,3))
ax = plt.subplot(111)

ax.annotate("",
            xy=(0.2, 0.2), xycoords='data',
            xytext=(0.8, 0.8), textcoords='data',
            arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->",
                            connectionstyle="arc3"), 
            )

plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

牛。箭头

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches

fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(8,5))
fig.clf()
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid.axes_grid import AxesGrid
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid.anchored_artists import AnchoredText

#from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties

def add_at(ax, t, loc=2):
    fp = dict(size=8)
    _at = AnchoredText(t, loc=loc, prop=fp)
    ax.add_artist(_at)
    return _at

grid = AxesGrid(fig, 111, (3, 5), label_mode="1", share_all=True)

grid[0].set_autoscale_on(False)

x1, y1 = 0.3, 0.3
x2, y2 = 0.7, 0.7

def demo_con_style(ax, connectionstyle, label=None):

    if label is None:
        label = connectionstyle

    x1, y1 = 0.3, 0.2
    x2, y2 = 0.8, 0.6

    ax.plot([x1, x2], [y1, y2], ".")
    ax.annotate("",
                xy=(x1, y1), xycoords='data',
                xytext=(x2, y2), textcoords='data',
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", #linestyle="dashed",
                                color="0.5",
                                shrinkA=5, shrinkB=5,
                                patchA=None,
                                patchB=None,
                                connectionstyle=connectionstyle,
                                ),
                )

    add_at(ax, label, loc=2)

column = grid.axes_column[0]

demo_con_style(column[0], "angle3,angleA=90,angleB=0",
               label="angle3,\nangleA=90,\nangleB=0")
demo_con_style(column[1], "angle3,angleA=0,angleB=90",
               label="angle3,\nangleA=0,\nangleB=90")

column = grid.axes_column[1]

demo_con_style(column[0], "arc3,rad=0.")
demo_con_style(column[1], "arc3,rad=0.3")
demo_con_style(column[2], "arc3,rad=-0.3")

column = grid.axes_column[2]

demo_con_style(column[0], "angle,angleA=-90,angleB=180,rad=0",
               label="angle,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=180,\nrad=0")
demo_con_style(column[1], "angle,angleA=-90,angleB=180,rad=5",
               label="angle,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=180,\nrad=5")
demo_con_style(column[2], "angle,angleA=-90,angleB=10,rad=5",
               label="angle,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=10,\nrad=0")

column = grid.axes_column[3]

demo_con_style(column[0], "arc,angleA=-90,angleB=0,armA=30,armB=30,rad=0",
               label="arc,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=0,\narmA=30,\narmB=30,\nrad=0")
demo_con_style(column[1], "arc,angleA=-90,angleB=0,armA=30,armB=30,rad=5",
               label="arc,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=0,\narmA=30,\narmB=30,\nrad=5")
demo_con_style(column[2], "arc,angleA=-90,angleB=0,armA=0,armB=40,rad=0",
               label="arc,\nangleA=-90,\nangleB=0,\narmA=0,\narmB=40,\nrad=0")

column = grid.axes_column[4]

demo_con_style(column[0], "bar,fraction=0.3",
               label="bar,\nfraction=0.3")
demo_con_style(column[1], "bar,fraction=-0.3",
               label="bar,\nfraction=-0.3")
demo_con_style(column[2], "bar,angle=180,fraction=-0.2",
               label="bar,\nangle=180,\nfraction=-0.2")

#demo_con_style(column[1], "arc3,rad=0.3")
#demo_con_style(column[2], "arc3,rad=-0.3")

grid[0].set_xlim(0, 1)
grid[0].set_ylim(0, 1)
grid.axes_llc.axis["bottom"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
grid.axes_llc.axis["left"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.05, right=0.95, bottom=0.05, top=0.95)

plt.draw()
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

styles = mpatches.ArrowStyle.get_styles()

ncol=2
nrow = (len(styles)+1) // ncol
figheight = (nrow+0.5)
fig1 = plt.figure(1, (4.*ncol/1.5, figheight/1.5))
fontsize = 0.2 * 70

ax = fig1.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1], frameon=False, aspect=1.)

ax.set_xlim(0, 4*ncol)
ax.set_ylim(0, figheight)

def to_texstring(s):
    s = s.replace("<", r"$<$")
    s = s.replace(">", r"$>$")
    s = s.replace("|", r"$|$")
    return s

for i, (stylename, styleclass) in enumerate(sorted(styles.items())):
    x = 3.2 + (i//nrow)*4
    y = (figheight - 0.7 - i%nrow) # /figheight
    p = mpatches.Circle((x, y), 0.2, fc="w")
    ax.add_patch(p)

    ax.annotate(to_texstring(stylename), (x, y),
                (x-1.2, y),
                #xycoords="figure fraction", textcoords="figure fraction",
                ha="right", va="center",
                size=fontsize,
                arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle=stylename,
                                patchB=p,
                                shrinkA=5,
                                shrinkB=5,
                                fc="w", ec="k",
                                connectionstyle="arc3,rad=-0.05",
                                ),
                bbox=dict(boxstyle="square", fc="w"))

ax.xaxis.set_visible(False)
ax.yaxis.set_visible(False)

plt.draw()
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

legend

pyorz

关注

0
点赞
踩
1

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
1
评论
matplotlib-02-进阶

text 和 annotate区别text() 函数在 Axes 对象的指定位置添加文本，而 annotate() 则是对某一点添加注释文本，需要考虑两个位置：一是注释点的坐标 xy ，二是注释文本的位置坐标 xytext：fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.add_subplot(111)t = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.01)s = np.cos(2*np.pi*t)line, = ax.plot(t, s, lw=2)ax.annotate('lo
复制链接

扫一扫