HttpPost 类（构建 HTTP POST 请求）

        HttpPost 类是 Apache HttpClient 库中的一个类，用于构建 HTTP POST 请求。以下是 HttpPost 类的一些常用方法和代码案例：

常用方法

1. 构造方法：

   • HttpPost(String uri)：创建一个 HttpPost 对象，并将请求的 URI 作为参数传递。

2. 设置请求体：

   • setEntity(HttpEntity entity)：设置 POST 请求的请求体。

3. 添加请求头：

   • addHeader(String name, String value)：向请求中添加一个头信息。
   • setHeaders(Header[] headers)：设置请求的所有头信息。

4. 配置请求参数：

   • setConfig(RequestConfig config)：设置请求的配置，如超时时间等。

代码案例

案例 1：使用 HttpPost 发送一个简单的 POST 请求。

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://example.com/api");

try {
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
    System.out.println(responseString);
} finally {
    httpClient.close();
}

        在这个例子中，我们创建了一个 HttpPost 对象，并使用 httpClient 执行了请求。响应内容被转换成字符串并打印出来。

案例 2：使用 HttpPost 发送一个包含 JSON 数据的 POST 请求。

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

String json = "{\"key\":\"value\"}";
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://example.com/api");
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(json, "UTF-8"));

try {
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
    System.out.println(responseString);
} finally {
    httpClient.close();
}

        在这个例子中，我们创建了一个包含 JSON 数据的 StringEntity，并将其设置为 HttpPost 对象的请求体。我们还设置了内容类型为 application/json。

案例 3：使用 HttpPost 发送一个包含表单数据的 POST 请求。

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://example.com/api");

MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.addPart("field1", new StringBody("value1"));
builder.addPart("field2", new StringBody("value2"));

HttpEntity multipart = builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(multipart);

try {
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
    System.out.println(responseString);
} finally {
    httpClient.close();
}