Print输出
print("Hello, World!")
println("Hello, World!")
Java
System.out.print("Hello, World!"); System.out.println("Hello, World!");
常量
val x: Int
val y = 1
Java
final int x; final int y = 1;
变量
var w: Int
var z = 2
z = 3
w = 1
Java
int w; int z = 2; z = 3; w = 1;
可空变量
val name: String? = null
var lastName: String?
lastName = null
var firstName: String
firstName = null // Compilation error!!
Java
final String name = null; String lastName; lastName = null
空值检查
val length = text?.length
val length = text!!.length // NullPointerException if text == null
Java
if(text != null){ int length = text.length(); }
String
val name = "John"
val lastName = "Smith"
val text = "My name is: $name $lastName"
val otherText = "My name is: ${name.substring(2)}"
Java
String name = "John"; String lastName = "Smith"; String text = "My name is: " + name + " " + lastName; String otherText = "My name is: " + name.substring(2);
三元运算符
val text = if (x > 5)
"x > 5"
else "x <= 5"
Java
String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";
位运算
val andResult = a and b
val orResult = a or b
val xorResult = a xor b
val rightShift = a shr 2
val leftShift = a shl 2
Java
final int andResult = a & b; final int orResult = a | b; final int xorResult = a ^ b; final int rightShift = a >> 2; final int leftShift = a << 2;
is/as/in
if (x is Int) { }
val text = other as String
if (x in 0..10) { }
Java
if(x instanceof Integer){ } final String text = (String) other; if(x >= 0 && x <= 10 ){}
when
val x = // value
val xResult = when (x) {
0, 11 -> "0 or 11"
in 1..10 -> "from 1 to 10"
!in 12..14 -> "not from 12 to 14"
else -> if (isOdd(x)) { "is odd" } else { "otherwise" }
}
val y = // value
val yResult = when {
isNegative(y) -> "is Negative"
isZero(y) -> "is Zero"
isOdd(y) -> "is odd"
else -> "otherwise"
}
Java
final int x = // value; final String xResult; switch (x){ case 0: case 11: xResult = "0 or 11"; break; case 1: case 2: //... case 10: xResult = "from 1 to 10"; break; default: if(x < 12 && x > 14) { xResult = "not from 12 to 14"; break; } if(isOdd(x)) { xResult = "is odd"; break; } xResult = "otherwise"; } final int y = // value; final String yResult; if(isNegative(y)){ yResult = "is Negative"; } else if(isZero(y)){ yResult = "is Zero"; }else if(isOdd(y)){ yResult = "is Odd"; }else { yResult = "otherwise"; }
for
for (i in 1 until 11) { }
for (i in 1..10 step 2) {}
for (item in collection) {}
for ((index, item) in collection.withIndex()) {}
for ((key, value) in map) {}
Java
for (int i = 1; i < 11 ; i++) { } for (int i = 1; i < 11 ; i+=2) { } for (String item : collection) { } for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()) { }
集合
val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3)
val map = mapOf(1 to "One",
2 to "Two",
3 to "Three")
Java
final List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3); final Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>(); map.put(1, "One"); map.put(2, "Two"); map.put(3, "Three"); // Java 9 final List<Integer> numbers = List.of(1, 2, 3); final Map<Integer, String> map = Map.of(1, "One", 2, "Two", 3, "Three");
forEach
numbers.forEach {
println(it)
}
Java
for (int number : numbers) { System.out.println(number); }
filter
numbers.filter { it > 5 }
.forEach { println(it) }
Java
for (int number : numbers) { if(number > 5) { System.out.println(number); } }
groupBy
val groups = numbers.groupBy {
if (it and 1 == 0) "even" else "odd"
}
Java
final Map<String, List<Integer>> groups = new HashMap<>(); for (int number : numbers) { if((number & 1) == 0){ if(!groups.containsKey("even")){ groups.put("even", new ArrayList<>()); } groups.get("even").add(number); continue; } if(!groups.containsKey("odd")){ groups.put("odd", new ArrayList<>()); } groups.get("odd").add(number); } // or Map<String, List<Integer>> groups = items.stream().collect( Collectors.groupingBy(item -> (item & 1) == 0 ? "even" : "odd") );
partition
val (evens, odds) = numbers.partition { it and 1 == 0 }
Java
final List<Integer> evens = new ArrayList<>(); final List<Integer> odds = new ArrayList<>(); for (int number : numbers){ if ((number & 1) == 0) { evens.add(number); }else { odds.add(number); } }
sortedBy
val users = getUsers()
users.sortedBy { it.lastname }
Java
final List<User> users = getUsers(); Collections.sort(users, new Comparator<User>(){ public int compare(User user, User otherUser){ return user.lastname.compareTo(otherUser.lastname); } }); // or users.sort(Comparator.comparing(user -> user.lastname));