C++学习笔记5----结构体

struct Person{
    char name[22];
    bool sex;
    int age;
    double score;
};

typedef struct
{
    char  title[50];
    char  author[50];
    char  subject[100];
    int   book_id;
}Books;

void printPerson(struct Person person){
    cout << "name = " << person.name << endl;
    cout << "sex = " << person.sex << endl;
    cout << "age = " << person.age << endl;
    cout << "score = " << person.score << endl;
}

void printPerson2(struct Person *person){
    cout << "name = " << person->name << endl;
    cout << "sex = " << person->sex << endl;
    cout << "age = " << person->age << endl;
    cout << "score = " << person->score << endl;
}

int main() {
    count = 5;
    write_extern();

    Person p1;
    Person p2;
    Books books;

    strcpy(books.author,"jack");

    strcpy(p1.name,"tom");
    p1.sex = false;
    p1.age = 11;
    p1.score = 89.5;

    strcpy(p2.name,"tom2");
    p2.sex = true;
    p2.age = 22;
    p2.score = 77.5;

    printPerson(p1);
    printPerson2(&p2);
    return 0;
}

注意：结构体占用内存大小，存在内存对齐问题。

在 结构体中定义各个数据类型的时候，应该按照占用内存从大到小排列。

例如

// #pragma pack(1)  //强制1字节对齐，效率会受到影响
struct Student
{
	//char * p;   //4
	//char arr[2];//2  8
	//short d; //2   16
	//int c;  //4 
	//long g;//4    
	//double f;//8  24
	//float h[2];//8   40  

    //上面这是一种不优的写法！！！！！！，需要占用40个字节


	double f;//8  
	float h[2];//8   
	long g;//4    
	int c;  //4 
	char * p;   //4
	short d; //2   
	char arr[2];//2 这种写法一共才占用32个字节

}stu,stu1,stu2;

tips: 结构体嵌套的情况下，以2个结构体中最大的数据类型占用内存为主。总之就是向最大占用内存的数据类型对齐，包含double 就以8字节对齐

 

关于#pragma pack(1) 的更多详细介绍，可以参照文章：https://blog.csdn.net/xiao156520/article/details/41178805