Python 列表嵌套字典时的问题：修改一个元素后所有元素发生改变 (浅复制与深复制)

问题描述

Python 列表嵌套字典时, 出现了修改一个元素后所有元素发生改变的问题，如下所示：

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>>> aa = [{}]*10
>>> aa
[{}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}]
>>> aa[0]['1'] = 1
>>> aa
[{'1': 1}, {'1': 1}, {'1': 1}, {'1': 1}, {'1': 1}, {'1': 1}, {'1': 1}, {'1': 1}, {'1': 1}, {'1': 1}]
>>>

解决方案

• 问题出现的原因是：上面10个字典使用了相同的地址

>>> [id(aa[i]) for i in range(10)]
[140069846191552, 140069846191552, 140069846191552, 140069846191552, 140069846191552, 140069846191552, 140069846191552, 140069846191552, 140069846191552, 140069846191552]

• 因此，使用copy.deepcopy即可解决问题：

>>> import copy
>>> bb = []
>>> [bb.append(copy.deepcopy({})) for i in range(10)]
[None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]
>>> bb[0]['1'] = 1
>>> bb
[{'1': 1}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}]
>>>

总结

使用python, 特别是修改可变对象时，要小心deepcopy的问题。