字符设备实验之按键阻塞

目的：同一时刻，只能有1个app打开/dev/buttons

1.原子操作：指在执行过程中不会被别的代码路径所中断的操作

常用原子操作函数举例：

atomic_t v=ATOMIC_INIT(0);   //定义原子变量v并初始化为0

atomic_read(atomic_t *v);      //返回原子变量的值

void atomic_inc(atomic_t *v);   //原子变量增加1

void atomic_dec(atomic_t *v); //原子变量减少1

int atomic_dec_and_test(atomic_t *v); //自减操作后测试其是否为0，为0则返回true，否则返回false

2.信号量semaphore：用于保护临界区的一种常用方法，只有得到信号量的进程才能执行临界区代码。当获取不到信号量时，进程进入休眠等待状态

定义信号量

struct semaphore sem;

初始化信号liang

void sema_init(struct semaphore *sem, int val);

void init_MUTEX(struct semaphore *sem); //初始化为0

static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock);  //定义互斥锁

获得信号量

void down (struct semaphore *sem);

int down_interruptible (struct semaphore *sem);

int down_trylock (struct semaphore *sem);

释放信号量

void up (struct semaphore *sem);

3.阻塞：指在执行设备操作时若不能获得资源则挂起进程，直到满足可操作的条件后再进行操作

被挂起的进程进入休眠状态，被从调度器的运行队列移走，直到等待的条件被满足

非阻塞操作：进程在不能进行设备操作时并不挂起，它或者被放弃，或者不停的查询，直至可以进行操作为止

fd = open("...", O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK);

#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/kernel.h>


#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/pm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/gpio_keys.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>




#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>


#include <mach/map.h>
#include <mach/regs-clock.h>
#include <mach/regs-mem.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <mach/gpio-smdkc110.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>


/********************************************************************************************
ioremap(),iounmap()
class_create(),class_destroy()
class_device_create(),class_device_unregister()
********************************************************************************************/
static dev_t devno;  
static struct cdev *pCdev;
static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
static struct device *sixthdrv_class_dev;




#define DEVICE_NAME "sixth_drv"
int major,minor;


volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;


static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;


struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;


struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S5PV210_GPH0(0), 0x01},
{S5PV210_GPH0(1), 0x02},
{S5PV210_GPH0(2), 0x03},
{S5PV210_GPH0(3), 0x04},
};


/* 异步通知 ：
为了使设备支持异步通知机制，驱动程序中涉及以下3项工作
1.支持F_SETOWN命令，能在这个控制命令处理中设置filp->f_owner为对应进程ID，不过此项工作已由内核完成，设备驱动无须处理
2.支持F_SETFL命令的处理，每当FASYNC标志改变时，驱动程序中的fasync（）函数得以执行
    驱动中应该实现fasync（）函数
3.在设备资源可以获得时，调用kill_fasync()函数激发相应的信号
*/
static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


/*互斥阻塞*/
static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock);     //定义互斥锁




/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t sixth_drv_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;

pinval = gpio_get_value(pindesc->pin);


if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}


    ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程, 在poll中用于唤醒等待的进程 */ 


kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);//kill_fasync通知应用程序

return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}


static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (down_trylock(&button_lock)) //试图获取信号量，如果信号量已被其他进程获取，则立刻返回非零值
{
printk("down_trylock fail \n");
return -EBUSY;
}
}
else
{
/* 获取信号量 */
down(&button_lock);
}

//printk("do sixth_drv_open \n");

/*
* K1,K2,K3,K4对应GPH0，GPH1，GPH2，GPH3
*/


/* 配置K1,K2,K3,K4为输入引脚 */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT(0),  sixth_drv_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT(1),  sixth_drv_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT(2),  sixth_drv_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT(3),  sixth_drv_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);

return 0;
}


static int sixth_drv_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//printk("do sixth_drv_release \n");
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(0), &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(1), &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(2), &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(3), &pins_desc[3]);

up(&button_lock);  //释放信号量
return 0;
}


static int sixth_drv_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buff, size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
if (count != 1)
return -EINVAL;


if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (!ev_press)            // 非阻塞方式判断是否有按键按下，没有则直接退出
return -EAGAIN;
}
else
{
/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
}


/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buff, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;


return 1;
}


static ssize_t sixth_drv_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
{
//printk("do sixth_drv_write \n");
return 0;
}


static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 此处将当前进程加入到等待队列中，但并不阻塞


if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; //表示设备可读


return mask;
}


static int sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync, on=%d\n",on);
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);//用于给字符设备建立异步通知队列
}


static struct file_operations sixth_drv_fops =
{
.owner   = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏，指向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module 变量*/
.open    = sixth_drv_open,
.release = sixth_drv_release,
.read    = sixth_drv_read,
.write   = sixth_drv_write,
.poll    = sixth_drv_poll,
.fasync = sixth_drv_fasync,
};


static int __init sixth_drv_init(void)
{
//major = register_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME, &sixth_drv_fops);
int ret;
  
//使用udev自动生成设备文件，并分配设备号
pCdev = cdev_alloc();
if (!pCdev) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "cdev_alloc failed\n");
//goto out;
}
    pCdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;  
cdev_init(pCdev, &sixth_drv_fops);

ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 5, 1, "buttons");  
    if(ret){  
        printk(KERN_ERR "alloc char device region faild!\n");  
        //return ret;  
    }  

major = MAJOR(devno);
minor = MINOR(devno);

    ret = cdev_add(pCdev, devno, 1);  //cat /proc/devices可以查看到多了一个buttons设备
    if(ret){  
        printk(KERN_ERR "add char device faild!\n");  
        //goto add_error;  
    }

#if 1
sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "buttonsClass");//ls /sys/class/buttonsClass/可以查看到多了一个buttonsClass类
if(IS_ERR(sixthdrv_class)){  
        printk(KERN_ERR "create class error!\n");         
    } 

//ls /sys/class/buttonsClass/buttons5/可以查看到多了一个buttons5设备
sixthdrv_class_dev = device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, devno/*MKDEV(major, 0)*/, NULL, "buttons%d", MINOR(devno)); /* /dev/buttons */
if(IS_ERR(sixthdrv_class_dev)){  
        printk(KERN_ERR "create buttons device error!\n");          
    } 
#endif

printk("sixth_drv_init \n");
printk("major = %d,minor = %d \n", major,minor);


gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0xE0200C00, 16);
gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

return 0;
}


static void __exit sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
//unregister_chrdev(major, DEVICE_NAME);
#if 1
device_destroy(sixthdrv_class,devno);
class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
#endif


cdev_del(pCdev);
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);  


iounmap(gpgcon);

printk("sixth_drv_exit \n");
}




module_init(sixth_drv_init);
module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

测试程序为：

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd;
int cnt = 0;
unsigned char key_val;
int ret;

fd = open("/dev/buttons5", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
return 0;
}

while (1)
{
ret = read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val: 0x%x, ret = %d\n", key_val, ret);
sleep(5);
}
return 0;
}