内存分配

分配                                            释放                                               类别                            可否重载

malloc()                                     free()                                            C函数                            不可

new                                           delete                                           C++表达式                    不可

::operator new()                        ::operator delete()                        C++函数                        可

allocator<T>::allocate()            allocator<T>::deallocate()            C++标准库                   可自由设计并搭配任何容器 

分配器要提供两个函数：allocate()、deallocate()