OpenCV 形态学滤波 边缘及角点检测

形态学滤波可用于检测图像种指定的特征，可检测灰度图种的直线和角点。

目录

1.创建MorphoFeatures类，实现检测图像特征

2.实现过程：

3.验证结果

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1.创建MorphoFeatures类，实现检测图像特征

/*MorphoFeatures*/

class MorphoFeatures {

private:

	// threshold to produce binary image
	int threshold;
	// structuring elements used in corner detection
	cv::Mat cross;
	cv::Mat diamond;
	cv::Mat square;
	cv::Mat x;

	void applyThreshold(cv::Mat& result) {

		// Apply threshold on result
		if (threshold > 0)
			cv::threshold(result, result, threshold, 255, cv::THRESH_BINARY_INV);
	}

public:

	MorphoFeatures() : threshold(-1), cross(5, 5, CV_8U, cv::Scalar(0)),
		diamond(5, 5, CV_8U, cv::Scalar(1)),
		square(5, 5, CV_8U, cv::Scalar(1)),
		x(5, 5, CV_8U, cv::Scalar(0)) {

		// Creating the cross-shaped structuring element
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

			cross.at<uchar>(2, i) = 1;
			cross.at<uchar>(i, 2) = 1;
		}

		// Creating the diamond-shaped structuring element
		diamond.at<uchar>(0, 0) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(0, 1) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(1, 0) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(4, 4) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(3, 4) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(4, 3) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(4, 0) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(4, 1) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(3, 0) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(0, 4) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(0, 3) = 0;
		diamond.at<uchar>(1, 4) = 0;

		// Creating the x-shaped structuring element
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

			x.at<uchar>(i, i) = 1;
			x.at<uchar>(4 - i, i) = 1;
		}
	}

	void setThreshold(int t) {

		threshold = t;
	}

	int getThreshold() const {

		return threshold;
	}

	cv::Mat getEdges(const cv::Mat &image) {

		// Get the gradient image
		cv::Mat result;
		cv::morphologyEx(image, result, cv::MORPH_GRADIENT, cv::Mat());

		// Apply threshold to obtain a binary image
		applyThreshold(result);

		return result;
	}

	cv::Mat getCorners(const cv::Mat &image) {

		cv::Mat result;

		// Dilate with a cross	
		cv::dilate(image, result, cross);

		// Erode with a diamond
		cv::erode(result, result, diamond);

		cv::Mat result2;
		// Dilate with a X	
		cv::dilate(image, result2, x);

		// Erode with a square
		cv::erode(result2, result2, square);

		// Corners are obtained by differencing
		// the two closed images
		cv::absdiff(result2, result, result);

		// Apply threshold to obtain a binary image
		applyThreshold(result);

		return result;
	}

	void drawOnImage(const cv::Mat& binary, cv::Mat& image) {

		cv::Mat_<uchar>::const_iterator it = binary.begin<uchar>();
		cv::Mat_<uchar>::const_iterator itend = binary.end<uchar>();

		// for each pixel	
		for (int i = 0; it != itend; ++it, ++i) {
			if (!*it)
				cv::circle(image, cv::Point(i%image.step, i / image.step), 5, cv::Scalar(255, 0, 0));
		}
	}
};

2.实现过程：

void OpenCVQtGui::Morpho_clicked()
{
	cv::Mat Result = image.clone();
    /*切记图像类型转换*/
	cvtColor(Result, Result, CV_BGR2GRAY);

	// Create the morphological features instance
	morpho.setThreshold(35);

	// Get the edges
	cv::Mat edges;
	edges = morpho.getEdges(Result);

	// Display the edge image
	cv::namedWindow("Edge Image");
	cv::imshow("Edge Image", edges);

	//Get the corners
    morpho.setThreshold(-1);
    cv::Mat corners;
	corners = morpho.getCorners(Result);
	cv::imshow("Corner Image", corners);
	cv::morphologyEx(corners, corners, cv::MORPH_TOPHAT, cv::Mat());

	cv::threshold(corners, corners, 60, 255, cv::THRESH_BINARY_INV);
	
	//Display the corner image
	cv::namedWindow("Corner Image");
	cv::imshow("Corner Image", corners);
	
	// Display the corner on the image
	morpho.drawOnImage(corners, Result);
	cv::namedWindow("Corners on Image");
	cv::imshow("Corners on Image", Result);

	cvtColor(Result, Result, CV_BGR2RGB);

	QImage img1 = QImage((const unsigned char*)(Result.data), Result.cols, Result.rows, QImage::Format_RGB888);

	ui.label_2->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(img1));

	ui.label_2->resize(QSize(img1.width(), img1.height()));
}

3.验证结果