linux/arm平台源码编译gcc, cmake, opencv库

spirits_of_snail

已于 2023-08-07 15:34:00 修改

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分类专栏： opencv linux 文章标签： opencv linux gcc cmake

于 2017-02-26 16:02:09 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qikaihuting/article/details/57416399

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Home - OpenCV的open-cv安装的tutorials下的installation英文教程installation in linux

1. 安装依赖库

required：gcc,g++, cmake, git，

安装方式

在线安装sudo apt-get install gcc g++,将会当前系统安装对应的gcc版本
直接下载gcc release版本，自定义安装目录，下载链接如下GCC Releases- GNU Project

源码编译特定版本：

# 下载gcc
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.9.4/gcc-4.9.4.tar.gz
cd gcc-4.9.4

# 安装gcc所需三个依赖：GMP 4.2+, MPFR 2.4.0+ and MPC 0.8.0+ 非常重要步骤
./contrib/download_prerequisites 
mkdir build && cd build
mkdir install # 创建安装目录，不影响root用户的gcc版本
# 运行configure脚本，该脚本会检查系统配置、库、头文件等，并生成Makefile
../configure --prefix=$PWD/install --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
 # 开始编译并安装
make -j4 && make install
# 编辑~/.bashrc添加个人用户环境变量并配置库，更新LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/xxx/install/gcc-4.9.4/lib64:/usr/local/gcc-4.9.4/lib
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/gcc-4.9.4/bin
#生效
source ~/.bashrc

源码下载地址Index of /gnu/gcc，编译发布地址 gcc_download

安装cmake:
- 在线安装：sudo apt-get install cmake
- 源码安装
https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/-/blob/master/README.rst

$ ./bootstrap && make && sudo make install
$ mkdir cmake-build && cd cmake-build
$ ../cmake-source/bootstrap && make

cmake下载链接https://cmake.org/download/

yum install  -y openssl  openssl-devel

wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.17.1/cmake-3.17.1.tar.gz

tar -zxvf cmake-3.17.1.tar.gz -C cmake_3_17
cd cmake-3.17.1
./bootstrap --help
./bootstrap --prefix=~/cmake --bindir=~/cmake/bin -- -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release -D BUILD_CMake_SERVER:BOOL=ON #安装到指定目录，home目录cmake文件夹
make -j4
make install

2. 编译opencv

使用git方法下载：
- cd ~/opencv
- git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
下载链接https://opencv.org/releases/，下载源码opencv.4.5.x.zip, 解压到工作目录，
x86_64架构下执行以下命令：

cd ~/opencv-4.5.x 
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \ 
      -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \ #指定安装目录，如何没有root权限，可以选择安装在home目录
      -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
      -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib64 \
      -DOPENCV_FORCE_3RDPARTY_BUILD=ON \ # 如果系统没有libpng,libzlib,libjpeg等第三方库，可选择编译
      ..
make -j8
make install # 或 sudo make install



cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=./install \
-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib64 \
-DOPENCV_FORCE_3RDPARTY_BUILD=ON \
-DBUILD_DOCS=OFF \
-DBUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
-DWITH_IPP=OFF \
-DBUILD_TESTS=OFF ..

aarch64架构下执行上述命令，若存在如下错误，

-- NEON is not supported by C++ compiler
-- Performing Test HAVE_CPU_FP16_SUPPORT (check file: cmake/checks/cpu_fp16.cpp)
-- Performing Test HAVE_CPU_FP16_SUPPORT - Failed
-- FP16 is not supported by C++ compiler
CMake Error at cmake/OpenCVCompilerOptimizations.cmake:546 (message):
  Required baseline optimization is not supported: NEON
  (CPU_BASELINE_REQUIRE=;NEON)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  cmake/OpenCVCompilerOptions.cmake:294 (include)
  CMakeLists.txt:610 (include)

原因是因为操作系统，不支持neon的架构，CMake detects that the system not supports NEON，因此需重新指定cmake的选项-DENABLE_NEON=OFF，考虑到opencv的依赖库如果需要编译neon的源码，则会报错，如下，则可以使用-DWITH_WEBP=OFF屏蔽改第三方库的编译

/tmp/ccjoSsg1.s:341: Error: register number out of range 0 to 15 at operand 3 -- `smlal v0.4s,v5.4h,v18.h[0]'
make[2]: *** [3rdparty/libwebp/CMakeFiles/libwebp.dir/src/dsp/yuv_neon.c.o] Error

设置其他编译选项，把一些无关紧要的选项选择关闭，如下：

cmake .. \
 -DBUILD_DOCS=OFF \
 -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
 -DINSTALL_BIN_EXAMPLES=OFF \
 -DBUILD_TESTS=OFF \
 -DBUILD_opencv_apps=OFF
 -DWITH_IPP=OFF \
 -DBUILD_IPP_IW=OFF \
 -DWITH_LAPACK=OFF \
 -DWITH_EIGEN=OFF \

3. 添加opencv的库目录

#用户环境变量配置
vim ~/.bashrc 
#最后一行添加
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:${install_path}
#保存退出，使其生效
source ~/.bashrc

4. demo 测试验证

可以在open-cv下建一个文件夹opencv_test,该文件下新建一个cpp文件和txt文件，如下： DisplayImage.cpp

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace cv;
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    Mat image;
    image = imread( argv[1], 1 );

    if( argc != 2 || !image.data )
    {
        printf( "No image data \n" );
        return -1;
    }

    cv::namedWindow( "Display Image", CV::WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
    cv::imshow( "Display Image", image );
    cv::waitKey(0);

    return 0;
}

编写CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(Demo)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)


set(OpenCV_DIR  "~/opencv/build" CACHE PATH "Location of opencv libraries" FORCE)

if (NOT DEFINED OpenCV_DIR OR ${OpenCV_DIR} STREQUAL "")
    message(FATAL_ERROR "please set OpenCV_DIR with -DOpenCV_DIR=/path/opencv")
endif()

find_package(OpenCV 4 REQUIRED )
add_executable(Demo DisplayImage.cpp)

target_include_directories(Demo  PRIVATE ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(Demo ${OpenCV_LIBS})