机器学习之线程回归

线性回归公式:

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

columns = ["mpg","cylinders","displacement","horsepower","weight","acceleration","model year","origin","car name"]
#由于原使数据只有数据，因此columns是为他们增加列的分类，delim_whitespace代表以空格作为分隔符
cars = pd.read_table("D:\\test\machineLearning\\auto-mpg.data",delim_whitespace=True,names=columns)
cars.head(2)

	mpg	cylinders	displacement	horsepower	weight	acceleration	model year	origin	car name
0	18.0	8	307.0	130.0	3504.0	12.0	70	1	chevrolet chevelle malibu
1	15.0	8	350.0	165.0	3693.0	11.5	70	1	buick skylark 320

fig = plt.figure()
ax1=fig.add_subplot(2,1,1)
cars.plot("weight","mpg",kind="scatter",ax=ax1)
plt.show()

import sklearn 
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

lr =LinearRegression();#获取线性回归模型
lr.fit(cars[["weight"]], cars["mpg"]) #输入是重量，输出是每加仑能跑的距离，对它进行训练
prediction = lr.predict(cars[["weight"]])#训练完后，就可以用测试数据进行测试，观察预测的输出值是多少，此处为方便仍然使用训练的数据
print (prediction[0:5])
print (cars["mpg"][0:5])

[ 19.41852276  17.96764345  19.94053224  19.96356207  19.84073631]
0    18.0
1    15.0
2    18.0
3    16.0
4    17.0
Name: mpg, dtype: float64

plt.scatter(cars["weight"],cars["mpg"],c='red')
plt.scatter(cars["weight"],prediction,c='blue')
plt.show()

from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
mse = mean_squared_error(cars["mpg"],prediction)#求真实值与预测值之间的均方差
print (mse)

18.7809397346

mse**0.5 #再开根号

4.3336981591509574