C++ 设置线程名称

为了调试方便，可以设置线程的名称，设置方法收集如下。

WINDOWS平台

方案一

参考
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/visualstudio/debugger/how-to-set-a-thread-name-in-native-code?view=vs-2015

//  
// Usage: SetThreadName ((DWORD)-1, "MainThread");  
//  
#include <windows.h>  
const DWORD MS_VC_EXCEPTION = 0x406D1388;  
#pragma pack(push,8)  
typedef struct tagTHREADNAME_INFO  
{  
    DWORD dwType; // Must be 0x1000.  
    LPCSTR szName; // Pointer to name (in user addr space).  
    DWORD dwThreadID; // Thread ID (-1=caller thread).  
    DWORD dwFlags; // Reserved for future use, must be zero.  
 } THREADNAME_INFO;  
#pragma pack(pop)  
void SetThreadName(DWORD dwThreadID, const char* threadName) {  
    THREADNAME_INFO info;  
    info.dwType = 0x1000;  
    info.szName = threadName;  
    info.dwThreadID = dwThreadID;  
    info.dwFlags = 0;  
#pragma warning(push)  
#pragma warning(disable: 6320 6322)  
    __try{  
        RaiseException(MS_VC_EXCEPTION, 0, sizeof(info) / sizeof(ULONG_PTR), (ULONG_PTR*)&info);  
    }  
    __except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER){  
    }  
#pragma warning(pop)  
}

方案二

参考
https://technet.microsoft.com/zh-cn/scriptcenter/mt774976(v=vs.95)

在下面的操作系统上可以使用SetThreadDescription和GetThreadDescription设置和获取线程名。

Requirements
Minimum supported client 
Windows 10, version 1607 [desktop apps | UWP apps]

Minimum supported server
Windows Server 2016 [desktop apps | UWP apps]

示例代码：

HRESULT hr = SetThreadDescription(GetCurrentThread(), L"simulation_thread");
if (FAILED(hr))
{
    // Call failed.
}

LINUX平台

主要有2个函数可以实现prctl和pthread_setname_np，在linux平台下线程名的长度是有限制的，不能超过16字节，最后有’\0’，也就是最多15个字节。

两个函数的使用方式有所不同，简单说明如下：

prctl：只能设置本线程的名称，传入参数线程名超出长度，会自动截断

pthread_setname_np：能设置指定线程的名称，传入参数线程名超出长度，不会自动截断，而是会返回错误码ERANGE（因为是非pthread标准实现，不同操作系统可能表现不一样）。

下面是摘自trafficserver的实现，可以根据自身需求自行调整实现。
参考实现：
https://github.com/apache/trafficserver/blob/8.1.x/include/tscore/ink_thread.h

https://github.com/apache/trafficserver/blob/master/include/tscore/ink_thread.h

// This define is from Linux's <sys/prctl.h> and is most likely very
// Linux specific... Feel free to add support for other platforms
// that has a feature to give a thread specific name / tag.
static inline void
ink_set_thread_name(const char *name)
{
#if defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_SETNAME_NP_1)
  pthread_setname_np(name);
#elif defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_SETNAME_NP_2)
  pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), name);
#elif defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_SET_NAME_NP_2)
  pthread_set_name_np(pthread_self(), name);
#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_PRCTL_H) && defined(PR_SET_NAME)
  prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name, 0, 0, 0);
#endif
}

static inline void
ink_get_thread_name(char *name, size_t len)
{
#if defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_GETNAME_NP)
  pthread_getname_np(pthread_self(), name, len);
#elif defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_GET_NAME_NP)
  pthread_get_name_np(pthread_self(), name, len);
#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_PRCTL_H) && defined(PR_GET_NAME)
  prctl(PR_GET_NAME, name, 0, 0, 0);
#else
  snprintf(name, len, "0x%" PRIx64, (uint64_t)ink_thread_self());
#endif
}