特殊成员函数实践

1.构造函数一般方式

2.初始化列表方式，构造函数

3.委托构造函数

4.析构函数

5.浅拷贝

6.深拷贝

7.移动构造

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

/*
 * 1.构造函数一般方式
 * 2.初试化列表方式，构造函数
 * 3.委托构造函数
 * 4.析构函数
 * 5.浅拷贝
 * 6.深拷贝
 * 7.移动构造函数
 * */

class stu{
public:
    string name;
    int age;

    stu(){
        cout << "无参构造"<< endl;
    }

    stu(string name){
        cout << "有参构造1"<< endl;
    }

    stu(string name,int age){
        cout << "有参构造2"<< endl;
    }
};

class teacher{
public:
    string name;
    int age;

    teacher(string name,int age):name(name),age(age){
        cout << "有参构造"<< endl;
    }
};

class school{
public:
    string name;
    int age;

    school():name{"希望小学"},age(30){
        //无参构造，委托两个构造两个参数的构造函数
    };

    school(string name):school{name,100}{
        //一个参数的有参构造，委托两个参数的构造函数
    };

    school(string name,int age):name{name},age{age}{
        //该函数完成成员赋值操作
    };

};

class stu2{
public:
    string name;
    int age;

    stu2(string name,int age){
        cout << "有参构造"<< endl;
    }

    ~stu2(){
        cout << "析构函数"<< endl;
    }
};

class stu3{
public:
    string name;
    int age;

    stu3(string name,int age):name(name),age(age){
        cout << "有参构造"<< endl;
    }

    stu3(const stu3 & s){
        cout << "调用拷贝构造```"<< endl;
        name = s.name;
        age = s.age;
    }

    ~stu3(){
        cout <<"析构函数"<< endl;
    }
};

class hospital{
public:
    string name;
    string *address;

    hospital(string name,string *address):name(name),address(address){
        cout << "拷贝构造"<< endl;
    }

    hospital(const hospital & h){
        cout << "调用拷贝构造"<< endl;
        name = h.name;
        if(address== nullptr){
            address = new string;
            address = h.address;
        }
    }

    ~hospital(){
        cout << "调用析构函数"<<endl;
        if(address != nullptr){
//            delete address;
            address = nullptr;
        }
    }
};

class lecturer{
public:
    string *name;
    lecturer():name(new string("豆花")){
        cout << "执行构造函数lecturer"<<endl;
    }

    lecturer(const lecturer &le):name(new string(*le.name)){
        cout << "拷贝构造函数~"<<endl;
    }

    lecturer(lecturer && lec):name(lec.name){
        cout << "移动构造lec"<<endl;
        lec.name = nullptr;
    }

    ~lecturer(){
        cout << "析构函数lecture"<< endl;
        delete name;
    }
};

lecturer getLec(){
    lecturer ll;
    return ll;
}

int main() {
    stu s;
    stu s2("小明");
    stu s3("小红",18);

    teacher t("王老师",38);

    school sc;
    school sc2("豆花");

    stu2 * s21 = new stu2("小明",18);
    delete s21;

    stu3 s31("小丽",12);
    stu3 s32 = s31;
    cout << s32.name << s32.age << endl;

    string address = "北京路";
    hospital h1("协和医院",&address);
    hospital h2 = h1;
    *h1.address = "上海路";

    lecturer ll = getLec();
    return 0;
}