一、非注解方式
（1）springmvc执行原理
（2）代码
1.web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!-- 注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 2.启动级别1-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- / 匹配所有请求（不包括jsp）-->
<!-- /* 匹配所有请求（包括jsp） -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>2.Springmvc-Servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器 DispatcherServlet 给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 一定不要忘记jsp后面有个/-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!-- 后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--配置controller程序，所有的controller都要在这里进行注册-->
<bean id="/hello" class="com.gy.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>3.helloController
package com.gy.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
// 模型和视图
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
// 封装对象，放在ModelAndView中
mv.addObject("msg","Hello SpringMVC");
// 封装要跳转的视图
mv.setViewName("hello");//自动加前后缀： /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
return mv;
}
}
二、注解方式实现
（1）代码
1.web.xml(通用)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!-- 注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 2.启动级别1-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- / 匹配所有请求（不包括jsp）-->
<!-- /* 匹配所有请求（包括jsp） -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>2.springmvc-servlet.xml（通用【注意context:component-scan的包路径】）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
<!-- 自动扫描指定包下的类，实现通过注解注入bean-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gy.controller"/>
<!-- 让Springmvc不处理静态文件 比如 .css .js .mp4等，跳过springmvc处理-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 自动配置BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping和SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器 DispatcherServlet 给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!-- 后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>3.Controller
package com.gy.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/helloController")
public class HelloController {
// 真实访问地址: http://localhost:8080/项目名/helloController/hello
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(Model model){ //只要返回String类型，解析器都回去查找对象的视图
//调用业务层.....
//封装数据
model.addAttribute("msg","HelloSpringMVC");
// 方法的返回结果是视图的名称，会被视图解释器解析，加上配置文件的前缀和后缀变成：
// URL: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
return "hello";
}
}
4.hello.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 86181
Date: 2021/9/14
Time: 14:07
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
三、RestFul风格
// 客户端访问http://ip:port/项目名/add/33/2 即可访问到该方法并传递参数
@GetMapping("/add/{a}/{b}") //此时a被赋值为33 而b被赋值为2
public String test1(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg",a+b);
return "hello";
}四、重定向和转发
//重定向，获取不到WEB_INF下的文件
@RequestMapping("/t1")
public String test1(Model model){
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
//请求转发，可以获取到WEB-INF的文件
@RequestMapping("/t2")
public String test2(Model model){
return "hello";
}五、乱码问题
（1）一般用springmv自带的过滤器
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>（2）终极方案
1.filter程序
package com.gy.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 解决get和post请求 全部乱码的过滤器
*/
public class GenericEncodingFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//处理response的字符编码
HttpServletResponse myResponse=(HttpServletResponse) response;
myResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
// 转型为与协议相关对象
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
// 对request包装增强
HttpServletRequest myrequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest);
chain.doFilter(myrequest, response);
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
}
//自定义request对象，HttpServletRequest的包装类
class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private HttpServletRequest request;
//是否编码的标记
private boolean hasEncode;
//定义一个可以传入HttpServletRequest对象的构造函数，以便对其进行装饰
public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);// super必须写
this.request = request;
}
// 对需要增强方法 进行覆盖
@Override
public Map getParameterMap() {
// 先获得请求方式
String method = request.getMethod();
if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
// post请求
try {
// 处理post乱码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
return request.getParameterMap();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) {
// get请求
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次
for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) {
String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName);
if (values != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
try {
// 处理get乱码
values[i] = new String(values[i]
.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
hasEncode = true;
}
return parameterMap;
}
return super.getParameterMap();
}
//取一个值
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
if (values == null) {
return null;
}
return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值
}
//取所有值
@Override
public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
return values;
}
}2.web.xml
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.gy.GenericEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
六、jsp中jstl无法使用问题
1.在WEB-INF/lib下创建c.tld文件，内容为
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<description>JSTL 1.1 core library</description>
<display-name>JSTL core</display-name>
<tlib-version>1.1</tlib-version>
<short-name>c</short-name>
<uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core</uri>
<validator>
<description>
Provides core validation features for JSTL tags.
</description>
<validator-class>
org.apache.taglibs.standard.tlv.JstlCoreTLV
</validator-class>
</validator>
<tag>
<description>
Catches any Throwable that occurs in its body and optionally
exposes it.
</description>
<name>catch</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.CatchTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
exception thrown from a nested action. The type of the
scoped variable is the type of the exception thrown.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Simple conditional tag that establishes a context for
mutually exclusive conditional operations, marked by
<when> and <otherwise>
</description>
<name>choose</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.ChooseTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Simple conditional tag, which evalutes its body if the
supplied condition is true and optionally exposes a Boolean
scripting variable representing the evaluation of this condition
</description>
<name>if</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.IfTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
The test condition that determines whether or
not the body content should be processed.
</description>
<name>test</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>boolean</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
resulting value of the test condition. The type
of the scoped variable is Boolean.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Retrieves an absolute or relative URL and exposes its contents
to either the page, a String in 'var', or a Reader in 'varReader'.
</description>
<name>import</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ImportTag</tag-class>
<tei-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tei.ImportTEI</tei-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
The URL of the resource to import.
</description>
<name>url</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
resource's content. The type of the scoped
variable is String.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
resource's content. The type of the scoped
variable is Reader.
</description>
<name>varReader</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the context when accessing a relative
URL resource that belongs to a foreign
context.
</description>
<name>context</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Character encoding of the content at the input
resource.
</description>
<name>charEncoding</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
The basic iteration tag, accepting many different
collection types and supporting subsetting and other
functionality
</description>
<name>forEach</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ForEachTag</tag-class>
<tei-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tei.ForEachTEI</tei-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Collection of items to iterate over.
</description>
<name>items</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>java.lang.Object</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
If items specified:
Iteration begins at the item located at the
specified index. First item of the collection has
index 0.
If items not specified:
Iteration begins with index set at the value
specified.
</description>
<name>begin</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
If items specified:
Iteration ends at the item located at the
specified index (inclusive).
If items not specified:
Iteration ends when index reaches the value
specified.
</description>
<name>end</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Iteration will only process every step items of
the collection, starting with the first one.
</description>
<name>step</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
current item of the iteration. This scoped
variable has nested visibility. Its type depends
on the object of the underlying collection.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
status of the iteration. Object exported is of type
javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.core.LoopTagStatus. This scoped variable has nested
visibility.
</description>
<name>varStatus</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Iterates over tokens, separated by the supplied delimeters
</description>
<name>forTokens</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ForTokensTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
String of tokens to iterate over.
</description>
<name>items</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>java.lang.String</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
The set of delimiters (the characters that
separate the tokens in the string).
</description>
<name>delims</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>java.lang.String</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Iteration begins at the token located at the
specified index. First token has index 0.
</description>
<name>begin</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Iteration ends at the token located at the
specified index (inclusive).
</description>
<name>end</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Iteration will only process every step tokens
of the string, starting with the first one.
</description>
<name>step</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
current item of the iteration. This scoped
variable has nested visibility.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
status of the iteration. Object exported is of
type
javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.core.LoopTag
Status. This scoped variable has nested
visibility.
</description>
<name>varStatus</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Like <%= ... >, but for expressions.
</description>
<name>out</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.OutTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Expression to be evaluated.
</description>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Default value if the resulting value is null.
</description>
<name>default</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Determines whether characters <,>,&,'," in the
resulting string should be converted to their
corresponding character entity codes. Default value is
true.
</description>
<name>escapeXml</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Subtag of <choose> that follows <when> tags
and runs only if all of the prior conditions evaluated to
'false'
</description>
<name>otherwise</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.OtherwiseTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Adds a parameter to a containing 'import' tag's URL.
</description>
<name>param</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ParamTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the query string parameter.
</description>
<name>name</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Value of the parameter.
</description>
<name>value</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Redirects to a new URL.
</description>
<name>redirect</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.RedirectTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
The URL of the resource to redirect to.
</description>
<name>url</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the context when redirecting to a relative URL
resource that belongs to a foreign context.
</description>
<name>context</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Removes a scoped variable (from a particular scope, if specified).
</description>
<name>remove</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.RemoveTag</tag-class>
<body-content>empty</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the scoped variable to be removed.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Sets the result of an expression evaluation in a 'scope'
</description>
<name>set</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.SetTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable to hold the value
specified in the action. The type of the scoped variable is
whatever type the value expression evaluates to.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Expression to be evaluated.
</description>
<name>value</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Target object whose property will be set. Must evaluate to
a JavaBeans object with setter property property, or to a
java.util.Map object.
</description>
<name>target</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the property to be set in the target object.
</description>
<name>property</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Creates a URL with optional query parameters.
</description>
<name>url</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.UrlTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
processed url. The type of the scoped variable is
String.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
URL to be processed.
</description>
<name>value</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the context when specifying a relative URL
resource that belongs to a foreign context.
</description>
<name>context</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Subtag of <choose> that includes its body if its
condition evalutes to 'true'
</description>
<name>when</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.WhenTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
The test condition that determines whether or not the
body content should be processed.
</description>
<name>test</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>boolean</type>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
2.在web.xml中加入以下代码
<!--配置jstl标签库-->
<jsp-config>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/lib/c.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
</jsp-config>
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