【LeetCode 热题 100】最大子数组和(dp优化+前缀和)

问题描述

给你一个整数数组 nums ,请你找出一个具有最大和的连续子数组(子数组最少包含一个元素),返回其最大和。

子数组是数组中的一个连续部分。

输入输出

示例 1:

输入:nums = [-2,1,-3,4,-1,2,1,-5,4]
输出:6
解释:连续子数组 [4,-1,2,1] 的和最大,为 6 。

示例 2:

输入:nums = [1]
输出:1

示例 3:

输入:nums = [5,4,-1,7,8]
输出:23

提示:

  • 1 <= nums.length <= 10的5次方
  • -10的4次方 <= nums[i] <= 10的4次方

进阶:如果你已经实现复杂度为 O(n) 的解法,尝试使用更为精妙的 分治法 求解。

解题思路

可以用双指针枚举左右边界,但是时间复杂度极高,为O(n^3),排除。

代码一使用的是直观的dp,dp[i][j]表示的是下标i到j的累加值。开始时先赋对角线为初始值,再dp一遍即可,时间复杂度为为O(n^2),但是提交后内存超限,那么需要再优化一下。

代码二将dp优化为一维,时间复杂度和空间复杂度均为O(n)

从代码二可以看出,dp数组在每次遍历中仅仅使用了下标i和i-1的值,之前的都没有再使用过了,那其实是可以用一个变量替换dp数组的,因此有了代码三,时间复杂度为O(n),空间复杂度为O(1)

maxNow变量本质上就是维护了一个前缀和数组,但是是一个会根据累加值而变换左右边界的前缀和数组。改为代码四,更符合前缀和的形式。

代码一(内存超限)

class Solution {
    public int maxSubArray(int[] nums) {
        int len = nums.length, max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        int[][] dp = new int[len][len];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            dp[i][i] = nums[i];
            max = Math.max(max, dp[i][i]);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < len; j++) {
                dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + nums[j];  // 更新下标i到j的累加值
                max = Math.max(max, dp[i][j]);
            }
        }
        return max;
    }
}

代码二(通过)

class Solution {
    public int maxSubArray(int[] nums) {
        int len = nums.length, max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        int[] dp = new int[len];
        dp[0] = nums[0];
        max = Math.max(max, dp[0]);
        for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
            // 如果dp[i-1]为负数,则不包含它会得到更大的子数组和
            dp[i] = Math.max(dp[i - 1] + nums[i], nums[i]);
            max = Math.max(max, dp[i]);
        }
        return max;
    }
}

代码三(通过) 

class Solution {
    public int maxSubArray(int[] nums) {
        int max = nums[0], maxNow = nums[0];    // 最大值和当前最大值
        for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) { // 注意下标从1开始遍历
            maxNow = Math.max(nums[i], maxNow + nums[i]);
            max = Math.max(max, maxNow);
        }
        return max;
    }
}

代码四(通过)

class Solution {
    public int maxSubArray(int[] nums) {
        int max = nums[0], pre = 0;    // 最大值和前缀和
        for (int num : nums) {
            pre = Math.max(num, pre + num);     // 判断是否要加上pre
            max = Math.max(max, pre);
        }
        return max;
    }
}

(by 归忆)

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