java设计模式之观察者模式

观察者模式：定义了对象之间的一对多依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态时，它的所有依赖者都会收到通知并自动更新。

观察者模式类图如下:

气象监测应用实例：
此系统中的三个部分是气象站（获取实际气象数据的物理装置）、WeatherData对象（追踪来自气象站的数据，并更新布告板）和布告板（显示目前天气状况给用户看）。

类图如下：

Subject接口代码实现：

package com.weather;

public interface Subject {

    public void registerObserver(Observer o);
    public void removeObserver(Observer o);
    public void notifyObserver();

}

Observer接口代码实现：

package com.weather;

public interface Observer {

    public void update(float tempture,float humidity,float pressure);
}

DisplayElement接口代码实现：

package com.weather;

public interface DisplayElement {

    public void display();
}

WeatherData类代码实现：

package com.weather;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class WeatherData implements Subject{

    private ArrayList<Observer> observers;
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private float pressure;

    public WeatherData(){

        observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();
    }

    public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        observers.add(o);
    }


    public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        int i = observers.indexOf(o);
        if (i >= 0) {
            observers.remove(i);
        }

    }


    public void notifyObserver() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
            Observer observer = (Observer)observers.get(i);
            observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
        }

    }

    public void measurementsChanged(){

        notifyObserver();
    }

    public void setmeasureMents(float temperature,float huminity,float pressure){
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = huminity;
        this.pressure = pressure;

        measurementsChanged();
    }

}

CurrentConditionsDisplay类代码实现：

package com.weather;

public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer,DisplayElement{

    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private float pressure;
    private Subject weatherData;

    public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData){
        this.weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(this);
    }
    public void display() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("current        tempeture:"+temperature+",current humidity:"+humidity
                +",current pressure:"+pressure);

    }


    public void update(float tempture, float humidity, float pressure) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.temperature = tempture;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        display();

    }

}

WeatherStation实例代码实现：

package com.weather;

public class WeatherStation {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
        CurrentConditionsDisplay currentConditionsDisplay = 
                new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
        weatherData.setmeasureMents(38, 65, 32.1f);
    }
}

运行结果：

current tempeture:38.0,current humidity:65.0,current pressure:32.1