图像的矩，以及利用矩求图像的重心，方向

数学中的矩

维基百科关于 Moment (mathematics) 的介绍：

In mathematics, a moment is a specific quantitative measure, used in both mechanics and statistics, of the shape of a set of points. If the points represent mass, then the zeroth moment is the total mass, the first moment divided by the total mass is the center of mass, and the second moment is the rotational inertia. If the points represent probability density, then the zeroth moment is the total probability (i.e. one), the first moment is the mean, the second central moment is the variance, the third moment is the skewness, and the fourth moment (with normalization and shift) is the kurtosis. The mathematical concept is closely related to the concept of moment in physics.For a bounded distribution of mass or probability, the collection of all the moments (of all orders, from 0 to ∞) uniquely determines the distribution.

设 X 和 Y 是随机变量，c 为常数，k 为正整数，
如果$E(|X-c|^k)$存在，则称$E(|X-c|^k)$为 X 关于点 c 的 k 阶矩。

• c = 0 时， 称为 k 阶原点矩；
• c = E(x) 时，称为 k 阶中心矩。

如果$E(|X-c_1|^p\cdot |Y-c_2|^q)$存在，则称其为 X,Y 关于 c 点 p+q 阶矩。

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图像的矩

零阶矩：

$$M_{00}=\sum_I\sum_JV(i,j)$$
这里的图像是单通道图像， $V（i，j）$表示图像在 (i,j)