RabbitMQ延迟队列实现（Python）

RabbitMQ延迟队列实现（Python)

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基础原理

• Time To Live：RabbitMQ可设置队列过期时间（x-message-ttl），或设置消息过期时间（expiration）。
• Dead Letter Exchange：当消息成为死信后，会被重新发送到另⼀个exchange，这个exchange就是DLX。
• Dead Letter条件：消息被拒绝、过期、队列已满。

Python实现

Consumer：

#!/usr/bin/env python                                                                                                                                    
# coding=utf-8

import pika
import datetime

DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dead_exchange"
DEAD_QUEUE_NAME = "dead_queue"
DEAD_ROUTING_KEY = "dead_test"

def Callback(channel, method, properties, body):
    print "time: ", datetime.datetime.now()
    print "Receive msg: ", body                                                                   
                                                                                                  
if __name__ == '__main__':                                                                        
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("test", "test")                                           
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host = '127.0.0.1',port = 5672,virtual_host = '/',credentials = credentials))
    # 创建信道                                                                                    
    channel = connection.channel()                                                                
    # exchange声明                                                                                
    channel.exchange_declare(exchange = DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME, exchange_type = "topic")              
                                                                                                  
    # queue声明                                                                                   
    channel.queue_declare(queue = DEAD_QUEUE_NAME)                                                                                                                                            
    channel.queue_bind(queue = DEAD_QUEUE_NAME , exchange = DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME, routing_key = DEAD_ROUTING_KEY) 
                                                                                                  
    channel.basic_consume(on_message_callback = Callback, queue = DEAD_QUEUE_NAME, auto_ack=True) 
    channel.start_consuming()                                                                     

Producer：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
import pika
import datetime

DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dead_exchange"
DEAD_QUEUE_NAME = "dead_queue"
DEAD_ROUTING_KEY = "dead_test"

TTL_EXCHANGE_NAME = "ttl_exchange"
TTL_QUEUE_NAME = "ttl_queue"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("test", "test")
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host = '127.0.0.1',port = 5672,virtual_host = '/',credentials = credentials))
    # 创建信道
    channel = connection.channel()
    # 死信exchange、queue声明
    channel.exchange_declare(exchange = DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME, exchange_type = "topic")
    channel.queue_declare(queue = DEAD_QUEUE_NAME)
    channel.queue_bind(queue = DEAD_QUEUE_NAME , exchange = DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME, routing_key = DEAD_ROUTING_KEY)

    # dead letter转发参数
    arguments = {}
    arguments['x-dead-letter-exchange'] = DEAD_EXCHANGE_NAME
    arguments['x-dead-letter-routing-key'] = DEAD_ROUTING_KEY
    arguments['x-message-ttl'] = 10000  # 单位：ms
    
    # 辅助ttl exchange、queue声明
    channel.exchange_declare(exchange = TTL_EXCHANGE_NAME, exchange_type="topic")
    channel.queue_declare(queue = TTL_QUEUE_NAME, arguments=arguments)
    channel.queue_bind(queue = TTL_QUEUE_NAME , exchange = TTL_EXCHANGE_NAME, routing_key = "ttl_test")
    print datetime.datetime.now()
    channel.basic_publish(exchange=TTL_EXCHANGE_NAME, routing_key = "ttl_test", body = "Hello world.")

测试结果

producer:

2021-09-02 01:57:46.633364

consumer:

time:  2021-09-02 01:57:56.637281
Receive msg:  Hello world.